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For centuries, scripture and theology were the focus of prodigious amounts of scholarship and publishing. Enlightenment philosophy and science, anthropology, ethnology and the colonial experience all brought new perspectives, lively debates and heated controversies to the study of religion and its role in the world, many of which continue to this day. This series explores the editing and interpretation of religious texts, the history of religious ideas and institutions, and not least the encounter between religion and science.

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253 results in Cambridge Library Collection - Religion

Page 4 of 13

The Old Testament in Greek According to the Septuagint
  • Volume 1, Genesis–IV Kings, Part 2
  • Edited by Henry Barclay Swete
  • Published online:
    05 September 2013
    Print publication:
    22 April 2010
    First published in:
    1887
  • Volume 1 of The Old Testament in Greek According to the Septuagint, edited by the Cambridge scholar Henry Barclay Swete (1835–1917), was first published in 1887. It contains the first twelve books of the Greek Old Testament: Genesis to 2 Kings. Swete set an important precedent for later editors by using an actual manuscript text as the edition's base. He selected the fourth-century Codex Vaticanus, which is still widely considered to contain the earliest and most valuable form of the Septuagint text; many later editors have followed suit. Where Vaticanus was defective the text was supplemented by the fifth-century Alexandrinus. The critical apparatus gives the readings of other important ancient manuscripts: Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus, Cottonianus Geneseos, Bodleianus Geneseos, and Ambrosianus. The edition's convenient size and ease of use assured its place as one of the most widely used versions of the Septuagint, and it is still consulted today.

The Old Testament in Greek According to the Septuagint
  • Volume 2, 1 Chronicles – Tobit, Part 2
  • Edited by Henry Barclay Swete
  • Published online:
    05 September 2013
    Print publication:
    22 April 2010
    First published in:
    1891
  • Volume 2 of The Old Testament in Greek According to the Septuagint, edited by the Cambridge scholar Henry Barclay Swete (1835-1917), was first published in 1891. It contains the books from 1 Chronicles to Tobit. Swete set an important precedent for later editors by using an actual manuscript text as the edition's base. He selected the fourth-century Codex Vaticanus, which is still widely considered to contain the earliest and most valuable form of Septuagint text; many later editors have followed suit. Where Vaticanus was defective the text was supplemented by Codex Sinaiticus or Codex Alexandrinus. The critical apparatus gives the readings of seven other important ancient manuscripts and fragments. The edition's convenient size and ease of use assured its place as one of the most widely used versions of the Septuagint, and it is still consulted today.

Natural Theology
  • The Gifford Lectures Delivered before the University of Edinburgh in 1893
  • George Gabriel Stokes
  • Published online:
    05 August 2013
    Print publication:
    13 December 2012
    First published in:
    1893
  • Specialising in optics and the motion of fluids, physicist George Gabriel Stokes (1819–1903) was Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge for over fifty years, President of the Royal Society, Master of Pembroke College and the most prominent religious scientist of his age. First published in 1893, Natural Theology contains the text of ten lectures he gave at Edinburgh. Stokes favoured the design argument for the existence of a Christian god, arguing against Darwinism. He believed the Bible to be true, though at times metaphorical. The lectures move from substantive observations on cosmology, electricity, gravity, ocular anatomy and evolution through to non sequiturs regarding providential design, human exceptionalism, the supernatural, spiritual immortality, and Christ's dual materiality and divinity. Fossilising a moment of impending shift in the history of ideas, these lectures highlight an intellectual dissonance in the Victorian scientific establishment.

Essays and Reviews
  • Frederick Temple, Rowland Williams, Baden Powell, Henry Bristow Wilson, Charles Wycliffe Goodwin, Mark Pattison, Benjamin Jowett
  • Published online:
    05 August 2013
    Print publication:
    18 April 2013
    First published in:
    1860
  • Comprising seven essays by learned contributors and controversially advocating a rationalist Christianity, this work became a sensation upon publication in 1860. Frederick Temple (1821–1902), later Archbishop of Canterbury, wrote on the cultural contributions of non-Christians; Roland Williams (1817–70), Professor of Hebrew at Lampeter, questioned Old Testament prophesies; Baden Powell (1796–1850), Oxford Professor of Geometry, challenged belief in miracles and embraced Darwinism; Henry Bristow Wilson (1803–88) questioned literal biblical history; the only lay contributor, Egyptologist Charles Wycliffe Goodwin (1817–78), embraced geology; Mark Pattison (1813–84), tutor at Lincoln College, wrote on the history of rationalist theology; and Benjamin Jowett (1817–93), Oxford Professor of Greek, advocated a historical reading of the Bible. Wilson and Williams were later found guilty of heresy by a Church court, though this was overturned on appeal. For readers interested in the theological controversies of the Victorian era, these essays remain invaluable.

Catalogue of the Hebrew Manuscripts Preserved in the University Library, Cambridge
  • Salomon Marcus Schiller-Szinessy
  • Published online:
    05 June 2013
    Print publication:
    20 September 2012
    First published in:
    0187
  • This catalogue, prepared in two parts between 1876 and 1878 and reissued here in one volume, analyses ninety-eight Hebrew manuscripts held at Cambridge University Library. Wonderfully discursive, lively and opinionated, it is the crowning achievement of Solomon Marcus Schiller-Szinessy (1820–90), the first Jewish scholar appointed by Cambridge to teach Talmudic and Rabbinic literature. Assessing not only the contents of the manuscripts, the work also examines their ownership, scribal marks and marginalia, authorship and textual traditions. The first part analyses seventy-two biblical scrolls, codices and commentaries, including thirteenth- and fourteenth-century Sefardi Bibles and outstanding editions of commentaries by Abraham ibn Ezra and Rashi, along with lesser-known but significant commentators. The second part, which was never formally published, examines a further twenty-six rabbinic manuscripts, including the famous Cambridge Mishnah - one of only three complete Mishnaic manuscripts.

A Tract of Plutarch on the Advantage to Be Derived from One's Enemies (De Capienda ex Inimicis Utilitate)
  • The Syriac Version
  • Edited and translated by Eberhard Nestle
  • Published online:
    05 June 2013
    Print publication:
    28 June 2012
    First published in:
    1894
  • Eberhard Nestle (1851–1913) was a German biblical scholar and theologian who studied at the University of Tübingen before teaching in London and across Germany. A talented linguist and textual critic, he published a grammar of Syriac and several editions of ancient manuscripts including the New Testament in Greek. This work, originally published in 1894 as part of the Studia Sinaitica series, is the text in Syriac of a treatise by Plutarch on human virtue found in a manuscript in the library of the Monastery of St Catherine on Mount Sinai. Nestle believed the text dated from the late sixth century and suggested that it was translated into Syriac from Greek by a Christian scholar who adapted it for a Christian audience. This text will be of great interest both to Syriac scholars and to those interested in the comparison of Greek philosophy and Christian theology.

Biography of the Rev. Henry Aaron Stern, D.D.
  • For More than Forty Years a Missionary amongst the Jews: Containing an Account of his Labours and Travels in Mesopotamia, Persia, Arabia, Turkey, Abyssinia, and England
  • Albert Augustus Isaacs
  • Published online:
    05 June 2013
    Print publication:
    19 July 2012
    First published in:
    1886
  • Henry Aaron Stern (1820–85), of German Jewish birth, moved to London in 1839, converted to Christianity and became a lifelong missionary for the London Society for Promoting Christianity amongst the Jews. With his wife he preached in Palestine, Babylon, Constantinople, Baghdad, Persia, and to the Karaite Jews of the Crimea. Famously, in 1863, he was caught in a diplomatic dispute in Ethiopia that led to his imprisonment and eventual rescue, five years later, by a British military force. Stern was made a doctor of divinity in 1881. He wrote three memoirs, which were drawn on by Albert Augustus Isaacs (1826–1903), a vicar at Leicester who knew Stern personally. Isaacs's biography, first published in 1886, is hagiographic and written with religiosity. Nonetheless, it includes informative accounts of missionary work among Jewish communities, and remains a valuable source on the orientalism of Victorian Britain.

Lectures on Justification
  • John Henry Newman
  • Published online:
    05 May 2013
    Print publication:
    09 August 2012
    First published in:
    1838
  • One of the leading Christian theologians of the nineteenth century, John Henry Newman (1801–90) was already a famous and controversial figure, as the leader of the Oxford Movement, by the time he published these lectures in 1838. He was still a Church of England vicar, but in 1845 he would join the Roman Catholic Church and eventually become a cardinal. The thirteen lectures here, addressing the doctrine of salvation through faith, cover issues of obedience, righteousness, Christ's resurrection, faith as the sole source of justification, the role of rites and works, and that of preaching. Offering a complementary rather than dichotomous interpretation of the competing theological positions, this work reveals the progress of Newman's thinking and reflects his journey towards leaving the Church of England.

The Life of Reginald Heber, D.D., Lord Bishop of Calcutta
  • With Selections from his Correspondence, Unpublished Poems, and Private Papers; Together with a Journal of his Tour in Norway, Sweden, Russia, Hungary and Germany, and a History of the Cossaks
  • Volume 2
  • Amelia Heber
  • Published online:
    05 May 2013
    Print publication:
    22 March 2012
    First published in:
    1830
  • Reginald Heber (1783–1826), had long been interested in the Church of England's overseas missions when he was appointed second Bishop of Calcutta in 1823. The diocese had been established only in 1814, and included India, Southern Africa and Australia; Heber's short episcopate involved much travelling around his scattered flock. His widow, Amelia published his Sermons and Narrative of a Journey through the Upper Provinces of India (also available in this series), before writing this two-volume biography, published in 1830 and also containing previously unpublished writings by Heber. Volume 2 begins in 1820 and describes Heber's time as Bishop, focusing especially on his travels and the difficulties he encountered. Heber was unusually sympathetic towards the Indian people, and worked closely with other religious leaders; he was also willing to see failings in British rule. An appendix includes letters and poems, and tributes by others, including Southey and Mrs Hemans.

A Rabbinic Anthology
  • Edited by C. G. Montefiore, H. M. J. Loewe
  • Published online:
    05 May 2013
    Print publication:
    12 July 2012
    First published in:
    1938
  • Founder of Liberal Judaism in England, Claude Goldsmid Montefiore (1858–1938) wrote extensively on Jewish and Christian theology and ethics. His final book, published in 1938 and co-edited with Herbert Loewe (1882–1940), remains one of the most comprehensive and authoritative collections available of Rabbinic literature dating from 100 to 500 CE. The edition, which provides extensive historical and lexical context, features two introductions, one from Montefiore espousing a Liberal perspective and the other from Loewe speaking as an Orthodox Jew. Together, they argue for 'a common foundation, a common past, and a common future' linking their outlooks. Their anthology in turn models this co-operation, offering more than 1,600 rabbinical extracts, and covering topics including the nature of God, the Commandments and the Law, prayer and charity. Both a compilation of theological writings and a meditation on theology itself, this work remains a pre-eminent text of Jewish religious scholarship.

The Book of Wisdom
  • With Introduction and Notes
  • Edited by A. T. S. Goodrick
  • Published online:
    05 May 2013
    Print publication:
    02 August 2012
    First published in:
    1913
  • Alfred Thomas Scrope Goodrick (1856–1914) published this translation of the Book of Wisdom in 1913. Educated at Cambridge, Oxford and Göttingen, a Fellow and librarian of St John's, Oxford, and then rector at Winterbourne, Gloucestershire, Goodrick was a scholar of some note and varied interests, translating Grimmelshausen's Simplicissimus and editing the memoir of the Civil War soldier Sydnam Poyntz. Traditionally thought to be written by King Solomon, and containing prophecies and moral instruction, the Book of Widsom is one of the deuterocanonical books of the Bible, its canonicity being disputed. In addition to notes, appendices and indices, an extensive introduction is provided, covering matters of date, composition, authorship, unity and manuscript sources. Using the text prepared by Henry Barclay Swete, with minor emendations, Goodrick has undertaken his own English translation from the Greek. This work of close scholarship remains of relevance to readers interested in Old Testament exegesis.

Travels and Adventures of the Rev. Joseph Wolff, D.D., LL.D.
  • Late Missionary to the Jews and Muhammadans in Persia, Bokhara, Cashmeer, etc.
  • Joseph Wolff
  • Published online:
    05 May 2013
    Print publication:
    23 August 2012
    First published in:
    1861
  • Published in 1861, this work in the third person, dictated by Joseph Wolff (1795–1862) to friends, is an epic miscellany of stories. Wolff, the son of a rabbi, had a peripatetic Middle European childhood. He converted to Christianity in 1812, studying Near Eastern languages in Vienna and Tübingen, and theology in Rome - until he was expelled by the Inquisition for heretical views. He eventually moved to England, working for the London Society for Promoting Christianity amongst the Jews. Beginning his mission in the Middle East, he later travelled to Afghanistan, Ethiopia, India, and the United States, where he preached to Congress. His eventful career saw him variously shipwrecked, enslaved, and forced to walk without clothes for 600 miles following a robbery. In 1847 he settled more quietly in a Somerset vicarage. Though characteristically orientalist (and with possible embellishments), this work remains an invigorating depiction of a lifetime's adventure.

Life and Missionary Travels of the Rev. J. Furniss Ogle M.A., from his Letters
  • John Furniss Ogle
  • Edited by James Aitken Wylie
  • Published online:
    05 May 2013
    Print publication:
    12 July 2012
    First published in:
    1873
  • The Reverend John Furniss Ogle (1823–65) was an academic, a Church of England clergyman and a committed missionary. Born into a wealthy religious family and educated at Cambridge, he worked as a tutor and minister before undertaking missions in the Falkland Islands, Europe and Africa. First published in 1873, this collection of Ogle's letters was compiled shortly after his death at sea during a mission to Algeria. Interspersed with detailed commentary by the book's editor, the Reverend James Aitken Wylie (1808–90), the letters trace Ogle's early childhood, his studies at Cambridge, his embarking on a religious life, and his determined missionary enterprises. They offer a revealing insight into life in nineteenth-century Europe and Africa, and portray Ogle as humble man, dedicated to his pursuits and to the welfare of others.

George Fox's 'Book of Miracles'
  • George Fox
  • Edited by Henry Joel Cadbury
  • Published online:
    05 April 2013
    Print publication:
    08 March 2012
    First published in:
    1948
  • George Fox (1624–91), founder of The Religious Society of Friends (or Quakers), was well known during his lifetime as a healer and worker of miracles. He wrote prolifically of how he used God's power to effect over one hundred and fifty cures, of both physical disease or injury and mental or psychological problems. This work was critical to spreading the word about Quakerism in its early years. Many of Fox's papers were lost after his death, but from the clues and fragments that remained, and a contemporary index of his works, Henry Cadbury (1883–1974) was able to create this book, published in 1948. The preface make clear that this was not intended as a work of critical analysis, though the findings are annotated with historical and documentary detail. The editor's devotion to his task is testament to the historical and spiritual significance of Fox's contribution to Quakerism.

The Life of Reginald Heber, D.D., Lord Bishop of Calcutta
  • With Selections from his Correspondence, Unpublished Poems, and Private Papers; Together with a Journal of his Tour in Norway, Sweden, Russia, Hungary and Germany, and a History of the Cossaks
  • Volume 1
  • Amelia Heber
  • Published online:
    05 April 2013
    Print publication:
    22 March 2012
    First published in:
    1830
  • Reginald Heber (1783–1826), had for a long time been interested in the Church of England's overseas missions when he was appointed second Bishop of Calcutta in 1823. The diocese had been established only in 1814, and included India, Southern Africa and Australia; Heber's short episcopate involved much travelling around his scattered flock. His widow, Amelia published his Sermons and Narrative of a Journey through the Upper Provinces of India (also available in this series), before writing this two-volume biography, published in 1830 and also containing previously unpublished writings by Heber. Volume 1 focuses on Heber's early life and career, including travels across Scandinavia and Russia, and describes how he became active in literary as well as church matters, publishing poetry and the hymns for which he is now best remembered, and working with the Church Missionary Society. His unfinished History of the Cossaks is included in an appendix.

A Narrative of the Visit to the American Churches
  • By the Deputation from the Congregation Union of England and Wales
  • Volume 1
  • Andrew Reed, James Matheson
  • Published online:
    05 February 2013
    Print publication:
    23 February 2012
    First published in:
    1835
  • Andrew Reed (1787–1862) was a Congregational Minister and one of the leading philanthropists of his day, fund-raising for and founding a number of orphanages and asylums. In 1834, he and fellow Congregational Minister James Matheson (1766–1840) were sent to the Congregational churches of the United States, in order to promote peace and friendship between the two communities. This two-volume 1835 work consists of thirty-nine letters in which the authors recount their journey, and their meetings with their fellow Congregationalists. They visited a large number of cities, mostly on the Eastern Seaboard, and made one excursion to Canada. In Volume 1, the focus is on their arrival in America and their first impression of the country and its people. They note with approval that that 'there is less claptrap, less trifling, and no frivolity' in Congregational services in the United States, as compared with England.

Select Narratives of Holy Women: Translation
  • From the Syro-Antiochene or Sinai Palimpsest
  • Translated by Agnes Smith Lewis
  • Published online:
    05 February 2013
    Print publication:
    08 March 2012
    First published in:
    1900
  • The twin sisters Agnes Lewis (1843–1926) and Margaret Gibson (1843–1920) were pioneering biblical scholars who became experts in a number of ancient languages. Travelling widely in the Middle East, they made several significant discoveries, including one of the earliest manuscripts of the Four Gospels in Syriac, a dialect of Aramaic, the language probably spoken by Jesus himself. Their chief discoveries were made in the Monastery of St Catherine on Mount Sinai. This fascicule is the translation of a Syriac manuscript from the monastic library of St Catherine. Translated by Lewis and first published in 1900, the manuscript recounts the tales of a number of saintly women, including Pelagia, a rich courtesan who converted to Christianity and Eugenia, a holy woman who lived as a man and became the abbot of a monastery. An interesting collection of stories with relevance for scholars of Middle Eastern Christianity.

Adversus Judaeos
  • A Bird's-Eye View of Christian Apologiae until the Renaissance
  • A. Lukyn Williams
  • Published online:
    05 February 2013
    Print publication:
    23 February 2012
    First published in:
    1935
  • A. Lukyn Williams (1853–1943) presents here a wide range of examples of Christian apologetic writings about Judaism. Taking material from the earliest years of the Christian Church until the Renaissance, the book investigates sources with Syriac, Greek, Spanish, and Latin origins. It includes observations on lost or possible books such as the first 'Book of Testimonies' posited by J. Rendel Harris (with whom Williams did not fully agree) which pre-dated the Biblical Gospels; incomplete early treatises; and scriptural extracts. Concerned more with historical detail than with exegesis, Williams' study provides extensive scholarly commentaries on all the texts included and covers possible dates of origin, sources, intended audience, and biographical information about the authors. First published in 1935 with the aim of offering source material in an area often neglected by scholars, the book remains a useful resource for students and scholars of Christian-Jewish relations.

A Narrative of the Visit to the American Churches
  • By the Deputation from the Congregation Union of England and Wales
  • Volume 2
  • Andrew Reed, James Matheson
  • Published online:
    05 February 2013
    Print publication:
    23 February 2012
    First published in:
    1835
  • Andrew Reed (1787–1862) was a Congregational Minister and one of the leading philanthropists of his day, fund-raising for and founding a number of orphanages and asylums. In 1834, he and fellow Congregational Minister James Matheson (1766–1840) were sent to the Congregational churches of the United States, in order to promote peace and friendship between the two communities. This two-volume 1835 work consists of thirty-nine letters in which the authors recount their journey, and their meetings with their fellow Congregationalists. They visited a large number of cities, mostly on the Eastern Seaboard, and made one excursion to Canada. Volume 2 tells of the many different communities that Reed and Matheson encounter in America, and the focus is mostly on theological and educational issues. They approve of female academies, asking rhetorically, 'why should not our daughters, equally with our sons, possess the advantages, which these institutions … so readily supply?'.

Origin of the Four Gospels
  • Constantin von Tischendorf
  • Translated by William L. Gage
  • Published online:
    05 February 2013
    Print publication:
    26 January 2012
    First published in:
    1868
  • Constantin von Tischendorf (1815–74) was a pioneering textual scholar of the New Testament, who discovered and transcribed early manuscripts, notably the Codex Sinaiticus, his acquisition of which provoked long-lasting controversies. The original German edition of this book appeared in 1865, and sold 2,000 copies in three weeks; this English translation (1868) was based on the improved and expanded fourth German edition (1866). In it, Tischendorf applies his enormous knowledge of early Christian literature and the oldest Latin, Greek and Syriac gospel manuscripts to the question of the date of the canonical gospel texts, which, he argues, had been established by the end of the first century. Parts of the book are highly polemical, with Tischendorf referring to 'the Tübingen fantasy-builder and the Parisian caricaturist' in his attempt to refute contemporary theories about the person of Jesus. Nevertheless his translator engagingly describes him as a 'great and genial' scholar.

Page 4 of 13