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For centuries, scripture and theology were the focus of prodigious amounts of scholarship and publishing. Enlightenment philosophy and science, anthropology, ethnology and the colonial experience all brought new perspectives, lively debates and heated controversies to the study of religion and its role in the world, many of which continue to this day. This series explores the editing and interpretation of religious texts, the history of religious ideas and institutions, and not least the encounter between religion and science.

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253 results in Cambridge Library Collection - Religion

Page 3 of 13

An Account of the Printed Text of the Greek New Testament
  • With Remarks on its Revision upon Critical Principles
  • Samuel Prideaux Tregelles
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    24 October 2013
  • A seminal figure in nineteenth-century biblical textual criticism, Samuel Prideaux Tregelles (1813–75) did much to formalise the emerging discipline. He published this account of his work on the Greek New Testament in 1854. Reflecting on previous editions of the New Testament, he gives a detailed account of its numerous versions since Erasmus and provides an excellent overview of biblical scholarship to that date. As well as discussing Tischendorf's pioneering work in using manuscripts previously neglected by Western scholarship, Tregelles reports the findings of other textual critics, such as Lachmann, Griesbach and Scrivener. He proceeds to describe his own critical methods and collations, bringing clarity to the developing field, and also presents notes on particular passages in the Gospels. This work still informs modern scholarship and serves to complement Tregelles's remarkable seven-volume Greek New Testament (also reissued in this series).

Pahlavi Texts
  • Volume 4, Contents of the Nasks
  • Edited and translated by Edward William West
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    13 December 2012
    First published in:
    1892
  • Published between 1880 and 1897 as part of Max Müller's Sacred Books of the East series, this five-volume translation of Pahlavi texts was the work of Edward William West (1824–1905). Largely self-taught, West developed his knowledge of ancient oriental languages in India, where he worked as a civil engineer. After returning to Europe, West focused on the study of sacred Zoroastrian texts and prepared these translations of Pahlavi manuscripts. His writings and editions are still referenced today in Indo-Iranian studies. The Nasks are the focus of Volume 4, wherein West collects, translates and analyses fragments such as names, summaries, digests and stray quotes from other books in order to present all that is known of the twenty-one original treatises containing Sassanid Zoroastrian literature. The treatises were themselves records of what was legendarily lost after Alexander the Great's conquest of Persia in the fourth century BCE.

Novum testamentum Graece
  • Ad antiquissimos testes denuo recensuit apparatum criticum omni studio perfectum apposuit commentationem isagogicam praetexuit Constantinus Tischendorf
  • Volume 3, Part 2
  • Edited by Constantin von Tischendorf, Caspar René Gregory, Ezra Abbott
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    31 October 2013
  • The German biblical scholar Constantin von Tischendorf (1815–74) published his monumental eighth edition of the Greek New Testament between 1869 and 1872. Influenced by the pioneering scholarship of Karl Lachmann (1793–1851), who had first moved away from relying on the Textus Receptus, Tischendorf placed key emphasis on the witness of older uncial manuscripts, most notably the Codex Sinaiticus (which he rediscovered) and the Codex Vaticanus. His painstaking work laid the foundations for the creation of modern critical texts, and the vast amount of manuscript evidence he collated has ensured that this edition remains a standard work of reference for biblical scholars and textual critics. Following Tischendorf's death, the work's Latin prolegomena was issued in separate parts by Caspar René Gregory (1846–1917), assisted by Ezra Abbott (1819–84). First published in 1894, this part contains sections IX-XIII and addresses the versional and patristic evidence.

An Introduction to the Critical Study and Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures
  • Volume 4, An Introduction to the Textual Criticism, Etc. of the New Testament
  • Thomas Hartwell Horne, Samuel Davidson, Samuel Prideaux Tregelles
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    21 November 2013
  • A painstaking compiler of catalogues and indexes, the biblical scholar and bibliographer Thomas Hartwell Horne (1780–1862) first published his most famous work in 1818, having begun his research for it many years earlier in 1801. Reissued here in five parts is the expanded four-volume tenth edition of 1856, which includes revisions by the scholars Samuel Davidson (c.1806–98) and Samuel Prideaux Tregelles (1813–75). This monumental and influential work of nineteenth-century biblical scholarship remains a valuable resource for modern researchers, reflecting the methods and perspectives of its era. Volume 4, rewritten by Tregelles for this edition, addresses textual criticism of the New Testament. Drawing strongly on his previous scholarship, Tregelles covers the history of the text, distinguished readings and important manuscripts, and he provides an introduction to each book of the New Testament.

An Introduction to the Critical Study and Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures
  • Volume 1, A Summary of the Evidence for the Genuineness, Authenticity, Uncorrupted Preservation, and Inspiration of the Holy Scriptures
  • Thomas Hartwell Horne, Samuel Davidson, Samuel Prideaux Tregelles
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    21 November 2013
  • A painstaking compiler of catalogues and indexes, the biblical scholar and bibliographer Thomas Hartwell Horne (1780–1862) first published his most famous work in 1818, having begun his research for it many years earlier in 1801. Reissued here in five parts is the expanded four-volume tenth edition of 1856, which includes revisions by the scholars Samuel Davidson (c.1806–98) and Samuel Prideaux Tregelles (1813–75). A standard text in scriptural teaching for generations of Anglicans, this monumental and influential work of nineteenth-century biblical scholarship remains a valuable resource for modern researchers, reflecting the methods and perspectives of its era. Volume 1 addresses the authenticity and authority of the Old and New Testaments. Horne discusses the role of miracles and prophesy, and argues for the superiority of Christianity over other religions.

Novum testamentum Graece
  • Ad antiquissimos testes denuo recensuit apparatum criticum omni studio perfectum apposuit commentationem isagogicam praetexuit Constantinus Tischendorf
  • Volume 1
  • Edited by Constantin von Tischendorf
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    31 October 2013
  • The German biblical scholar Constantin von Tischendorf (1815–74) published his monumental eighth edition of the Greek New Testament between 1869 and 1872. Following his death, the prolegomena was compiled by colleagues and appeared between 1884 and 1894. Influenced by the pioneering scholarship of Karl Lachmann (1793–1851), who had first moved away from relying on the Textus Receptus, Tischendorf placed key emphasis on the witness of older uncial manuscripts, most notably the Codex Sinaiticus (which he rediscovered) and the Codex Vaticanus. His painstaking work laid the foundations for the creation of modern critical texts, and the vast amount of manuscript evidence he collated has ensured that this edition remains a standard work of reference for biblical scholars and textual critics. Volume 1 (1869) contains the text and critical apparatus for the Gospels.

Q. Septimi Florentis Tertulliani Apologeticus
  • The Text of Oehler, Annotated, with an Introduction
  • Tertullian
  • Edited by Franz Oehler, John E. B. Mayor
  • Translated by Alexander Souter
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    14 June 2012
    First published in:
    1917
  • A masterpiece of rhetoric and an impassioned defence of faith in the face of persecution, this work represents a key work in the Latin patristic canon. Addressing the magistrates of the Roman court, Tertullian submits 'the real facts in the case of the Christians', defending the legitimacy of the new faith while charging its detractors with hypocrisy and worse. Scathing, eloquent and defiant, the Apology demonstrates the importance of classical rhetoric to the identity of the controversial religion and its recent converts. This edition (1917), accompanied by a complete commentary by J. E. B. Mayor and translation by Alexander Souter, has been called 'by the far the best commentary ever published' on the work. Published posthumously from Mayor's extensive Cambridge lecture notes, the commentary is a starting point for anyone seeking a full understanding of the text's critical history. Souter's English translation makes it accessible to experts and non-experts alike.

Essays on the Sacred Language, Writings and Religion of the Parsis
  • To which is Also Added a Biographical Memoir of the Late Dr Haug by Professor E. P. Evans
  • Martin Haug
  • Translated by Edward William West
  • Preface by E. P. Evans
  • Published online:
    05 July 2014
    Print publication:
    27 June 2013
    First published in:
    1884
  • Published in English in 1884, this is the posthumous third edition of an 1862 study by the German orientalist Martin Haug (1827–76). He produced this groundbreaking analysis and comparison of Sanskrit and the Avesta while professor of Sanskrit at the Government College of Poona. His time in India enabled him to make an unprecedented study of Zoroastrian texts, becoming the first to translate the seventeen Gathas into a European language, thereby helping to highlight that they were composed by Zoroaster. Edward William West (1824–1905), an engineer and self-taught orientalist, met Haug in India. Having read this work's first edition, he was inspired to study further the Pahlavi language. On his and Haug's return to Europe in 1866, they worked closely together in translating and publishing Zoroastrian texts. West's edition of Haug's Essays includes several updates, unpublished papers from Haug's collection, appendices of further translations, and a biography of the author.

The Old Testament in Greek According to the Septuagint
  • Volume 2, 1 Chronicles – Tobit, Part 1
  • Edited by Henry Barclay Swete
  • Published online:
    05 June 2014
    Print publication:
    22 April 2010
    First published in:
    1891
  • Volume 2 of The Old Testament in Greek According to the Septuagint, edited by the Cambridge scholar Henry Barclay Swete (1835–1917), was first published in 1891. It contains the books from 1 Chronicles to Tobit. Swete set an important precedent for later editors by using an actual manuscript text as the edition's base. He selected the fourth-century Codex Vaticanus, which is still widely considered to contain the earliest and most valuable form of Septuagint text; many later editors have followed suit. Where Vaticanus was defective the text was supplemented by Codex Sinaiticus or Codex Alexandrinus The critical apparatus gives the readings of seven other important ancient manuscripts and fragments. The edition's convenient size and ease of use assured its place as one of the most widely used versions of the Septuagint, and it is still consulted today.

Polemische und Apologetische Literatur in Arabischer Sprache zwischen Muslimen, Christen und Juden
  • Nebst anhängen verwandten inhalts
  • Moritz Steinschneider
  • Published online:
    05 April 2014
    Print publication:
    27 June 2013
    First published in:
    1877
  • Educated in Prague, Vienna and Leipzig, Moritz Steinschneider (1816–1907) was a Jewish Bohemian orientalist with a deep understanding of classical and Semitic languages and cultures, specialising in bibliography. He edited twenty-one volumes of the journal Hebräische Bibliographie from 1859 to 1882, and his 1878 catalogue of the Hebrew manuscripts held in the Hamburg State Library is also reissued in this series. First published in 1877, this book is an elaborate record of Arabic polemic and apologetic literature among Muslims, Christians and Jews. The product of several decades of work, it offers detailed historical and bibliographic information on each item, alphabetical lists of titles and authors, an appendix of background information, and a useful index. Steinschneider's painstaking work remains of value to scholars of the Abrahamic religions and the history of interfaith relations.

The Theology of an Evolutionist
  • Lyman Abbott
  • Published online:
    05 April 2014
    Print publication:
    07 September 2009
    First published in:
    1897
  • A Congregationalist clergyman, editor of the influential progressive journal The Outlook, and intimate with Henry Ward Beecher and Theodore Roosevelt, Lymon Abbott (1835–1922) played a central role in religion and politics in turn-of-the-century America. In this work, first published in 1897, Abbott shows his characteristic optimism in human moral development, arguing that the Christian faith can fully accommodate evolution as the means by which God changes and improves the world over time. Abbott writes 'not to disbelievers in evolution to prove that they are mistaken, but to believers in evolution to show them that their belief is not inconsistent with the Christian faith'. A companion to Abbott's popular previous work The Evolution of Christianity (also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection), this text presents an innovative and often elegant reconciliation of the ongoing debate concerning scientific empiricism and Christian belief.

Memoirs of the Late Rev. John Wesley, A.M.
  • With a Review of his Life and Writings, and a History of Methodism, from its Commencement in 1729, to the Present Time
  • Volume 2
  • John Hampson
  • Published online:
    05 March 2014
    Print publication:
    26 September 2013
  • This three-volume account of the life of John Wesley (1703–91) was published in the year of his death. Written by John Hampson (c.1753–1819), a Church of England clergyman and former Methodist preacher, the work also contains a thorough review of Wesley's writings and a history of Methodism. Hampson's excellent overview of contemporary assessments of the preacher is more balanced than John Whitehead's two-volume Life of the Rev. John Wesley (1793–6), which has also been reissued in this series. Volume 2 traces the growth of Methodism in both England and North America, covering Wesley's itinerant preaching, the death of his mother, and theological differences with his brother Charles. It also gives an account of Wesley's increased activity in ordaining priests for travel to America. Drawing on a wide range of sources, the work remains important for its informed appraisal of this religious movement and its founder.

Memoirs of the Late Rev. John Wesley, A.M.
  • With a Review of his Life and Writings, and a History of Methodism, from its Commencement in 1729, to the Present Time
  • Volume 1
  • John Hampson
  • Published online:
    05 March 2014
    Print publication:
    26 September 2013
  • This three-volume account of the life of John Wesley (1703–91) was published in the year of his death. Written by John Hampson (c.1753–1819), a Church of England clergyman and former Methodist preacher, the work also contains a thorough review of Wesley's writings and a history of Methodism. Hampson's excellent overview of contemporary assessments of the preacher is more balanced than John Whitehead's two-volume Life of the Rev. John Wesley (1793–6), which has also been reissued in this series. Volume 1 explores Wesley's lineage and early life, including his journey to America in 1735 and his conversion in 1738. This volume also contains short chapters on his brothers Samuel and Charles. Drawing on a wide range of sources, the work remains important for its informed appraisal of this religious movement and its founder.

Memoirs of the Late Rev. John Wesley, A.M.
  • With a Review of his Life and Writings, and a History of Methodism, from its Commencement in 1729, to the Present Time
  • Volume 3
  • John Hampson
  • Published online:
    05 March 2014
    Print publication:
    26 September 2013
  • This three-volume account of the life of John Wesley (1703–91) was published in the year of his death. Written by John Hampson (c.1753–1819), a Church of England clergyman and former Methodist preacher, the work also contains a thorough review of Wesley's writings and a history of Methodism. Hampson's excellent overview of contemporary assessments of the preacher is more balanced than John Whitehead's two-volume Life of the Rev. John Wesley (1793–6), which has also been reissued in this series. Volume 3 gives an account of Wesley's death, but is predominantly concerned with a critique of Methodist theology, activity and mode of preaching. It gives a measured assessment of Wesley's character and reflects on the opposition to the work's previous volumes displayed by Wesley's executors, highlighting the struggle over his legacy - a matter of great importance in the history of Methodism.

Bibliotheca judaica antichristiana
  • Qua editi et inediti judaeorum adversus christianam religionem libri recensentur
  • Giovanni Bernardo De Rossi
  • Published online:
    05 February 2014
    Print publication:
    27 June 2013
    First published in:
    1800
  • Giovanni Bernardo De Rossi (1742–1831) first studied Hebrew in Turin as a requirement for his theology degree. Having swiftly mastered several Semitic languages and been ordained a priest, he was appointed professor of oriental languages at the University of Parma in 1769. Despite offers from Pavia, Madrid and Rome, he remained there until his death. An important collector of manuscripts and incunabula - in 1785 Pius VI tried to acquire his library for the Vatican - De Rossi published extensively on Hebrew typography and textual variants in the Old Testament. This 1800 catalogue of 182 Jewish polemics against Christianity - printed by Giambattista Bodoni, a noted typographer at the court of Parma - gives the texts' predominantly Hebrew titles and Latin content summaries. Also included is an 1812 Italian catalogue of books from De Rossi's library. Together they illuminate contemporary theological concerns and De Rossi's own bibliographic interests.

Pahlavi Texts
  • Volume 3, Dînâ-î Maînôg-î Khirad, Sikand-Gûmânîk Vigâr, Sad Dar
  • Edited and translated by Edward William West
  • Published online:
    05 October 2013
    Print publication:
    13 December 2012
    First published in:
    1885
  • Published between 1880 and 1897 as part of Max Müller's Sacred Books of the East series, this five-volume translation of Pahlavi texts was the work of Edward William West (1824–1905). Largely self-taught, West developed his knowledge of ancient oriental languages in India, where he worked as a civil engineer. After returning to Europe, West focused on the study of sacred Zoroastrian texts and prepared these translations of Pahlavi manuscripts. His writings and editions are still referenced today in Indo-Iranian studies. Volume 3 contains the Dînâ-î Maînôg-î Khirad ('Opinions of the Spirit of Wisdom' - a series of enquiries and answers relating to the worship of Ahura Mazda); the Sikand-gûmânîk Vigâr ('Doubt-dispelling Exposition' - a controversial ninth-century Zoroastrian apologetic, designed to prove the correctness of the fundamental doctrine of Mazda-worship); and the Sad Dar, a Persian rather than Pahlavi text, offering valuable discussion of 'a hundred subjects' connected to Zoroastrianism.

Pahlavi Texts
  • Volume 5, Marvels of Zoroastrianism
  • Edited and translated by Edward William West
  • Published online:
    05 October 2013
    Print publication:
    13 December 2012
    First published in:
    1897
  • Published between 1880 and 1897 as part of Max Müller's Sacred Books of the East series, this five-volume translation of Pahlavi texts was the work of Edward William West (1824–1905). Largely self-taught, West developed his knowledge of ancient oriental languages in India, where he worked as a civil engineer. After returning to Europe, West focused on the study of sacred Zoroastrian texts and prepared these translations of Pahlavi manuscripts. His writings and editions are still referenced today in Indo-Iranian studies. Volume 5 contains translations of the Dînkard (books 7 and 5) and Selections of Zâd-sparam. Some parts of these texts are prophetic, and West's introductory analysis provides an insight into the chronology of Zoroastrianism, which suggests that Zoroaster was born in 660 BCE and that the world will come to an end in 2398 CE.

Pahlavi Texts
  • Volume 1, The Bundahis, Bahman Yast, and Shâyast Lâ-Shâyast
  • Edited and translated by Edward William West
  • Published online:
    05 October 2013
    Print publication:
    13 December 2012
    First published in:
    1880
  • Published between 1880 and 1897 as part of Max Müller's Sacred Books of the East series, this five-volume translation of Pahlavi texts was the work of Edward William West (1824–1905). Largely self-taught, West developed his knowledge of ancient oriental languages in India, where he worked as a civil engineer. After returning to Europe, West focused on the study of sacred Zoroastrian texts and prepared these translations of Pahlavi manuscripts, cementing his reputation for pioneering scholarship. His writings and editions are still referenced today in Indo-Iranian studies. Volume 1 includes the Bundahis (Zoroastrian traditions about the creation of the world), the Bahman Yast (a prophetic text detailing thousands of years of history, including the downfall and rebirth of Zoroastrianism) and the Shayâst Lâ-Shâyast (detailing ritual impurity and sin, and purification rituals, such as those used for dead bodies). In his introduction, West compares these texts to the biblical books of Genesis, Revelation, and Leviticus.

Pistis Sophia
  • The Coptic Text with a Latin Translation
  • Edited and translated by Möritz Gotthilf Schwartze, Julius Heinrich Petermann
  • Published online:
    05 October 2013
    Print publication:
    09 August 2012
    First published in:
    1851
  • Published in 1851, this edition of an important second-century Gnostic work presents the Coptic text derived from codices held in the British Museum and originally ascribed to the authorship of a certain Valentinus. These manuscript sources were scrutinised and translated into Latin by the German scholar Möritz Gotthilf Schwartze (1802–48) at the behest of the king of Prussia, but he died before the book could be completed. The task of preparing Schwartze's work for publication fell to Julius Heinrich Petermann (1801–76), professor of oriental literature at the University of Berlin. The arcane and difficult text describes esoteric Gnostic teachings which - just as in the traditional Gospels - are delivered by Jesus to his disciples. At the beginning, he is said to have spent eleven years after the resurrection teaching them this mysterious higher knowledge. Both the annotated Coptic text and Schwartze's Latin translation are frequently interspersed with Greek.

The Old Testament in Greek According to the Septuagint
  • Volume 1, Genesis–IV Kings, Part 1
  • Edited by Henry Barclay Swete
  • Published online:
    05 September 2013
    Print publication:
    22 April 2010
    First published in:
    1887
  • Volume 1 of The Old Testament in Greek According to the Septuagint, edited by the Cambridge scholar Henry Barclay Swete (1835–1917), was first published in 1887. It contains the first twelve books of the Greek Old Testament: Genesis to 2 Kings. Swete set an important precedent for later editors by using an actual manuscript text as the edition's base. He selected the fourth-century Codex Vaticanus, which is still widely considered to contain the earliest and most valuable form of the Septuagint text; many later editors have followed suit. Where Vaticanus was defective the text was supplemented by the fifth-century Alexandrinus. The critical apparatus gives the readings of other important ancient manuscripts: Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus, Cottonianus Geneseos, Bodleianus Geneseos, and Ambrosianus. The edition's convenient size and ease of use assured its place as one of the most widely used versions of the Septuagint, and it is still consulted today.

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