Pramipexole ((S)-2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-6(propylamino)benzothiazole dihydrochloride monohydrate) is a white to off-white powder, freely soluble in water. It is a dopamine agonist with a molecular weight of 302.3 and an empirical formula of C10H17N3S,2HCl,H2O.

Nazarbayev University (NU) in Astana, Kazakhstan, has aspirations both to be an internationally renowned research university and to serve as a model for the nation’s universities. NU began by partnering with elite international research universities and creating an admissions system based solely on academic merit and English-language proficiency. It benefited from sustained State support and continued institutional leadership but faces challenges in maintaining its focus while responding to shifts in the nation’s real politick.

In Chapter 4 we discuss the pitfall of associating positive and negative values with political actors, including both individuals such as Trump or Biden, and political entities such as the US and the EU. In our view, such an association is problematic and dangerous because it precludes approaching language and politics in a more neutral way. As a case study, we analyse the transcript of an unofficial tape recording in which representatives of the EU – which is often regarded as a democratic organisation – attempted to prevent the newly established Slovenian and Croatian states from declaring independence following plebiscites. We use strictly linguistic evidence to illustrate the rather undemocratic procedure through which representatives of the EU – who were supposed to be the upholders of democracy – aggressively persuaded Slovenians and Croatians to temporally suspend declaring independence, hence opposing the results of valid plebiscites.

This chapter of the handbook presents a large body of evidence suggesting that, within the first year of life, infants hold both expectations about and preferences for morally good versus bad protagonists. The authors show that, across different methods, infants distinguish between morally significant acts of helping and hindering as well as between acting fairly and unfairly; they prefer the morally good actions and the morally good protagonists; and they expect others to prefer the morally good protagonists as well. Going beyond a mere valence difference, these expectations vary systematically in response to critical factors, such as the victim’s state of need, in-group/out-group membership, and an actor’s intentions. Many of the findings appear in infants 8–12 months of age, some as early as 3 months of age. Many questions remain, such as how consistent the findings are across experimenters and populations; whether the violated norm is truly moral or only a social expectation; or to what extent earliest learning guides these expectations and preferences. But overall, the evidence for budding moral distinctions in early infancy is highly compelling and provocative.

This chapter provides a selective review of the factor-augmented regression (FAR) models, where the factors are usually estimated from a large set of observed data, and then as “generated regressors” enter into the next stage of regression. It begins with an introduction to the large-dimensional factor models and the widely used principal component analysis (PCA) estimator. Then we review FAR models with time series data, the extensions of FAR to some nonlinear models, and the factor-augmented panel regressions. Lastly, we briefly introduce some applications of FAR to financial markets.

Chapter 1 explores the complexity of defining adolescence. It then emphasises the need to include adolescents in health research and service development, although there are still significant barriers to their meaningful participation. The complexity of participation is also introduced as well as participatory methodology and methods being described.

This chapter of the handbook highlights that, for successful social living, humans’ capacity to be prosocial had to surpass their capacity for selfish and harmful behavior. The authors provide an overview of the scientific study of prosocial capacities, with a focus on experimental research. Summarizing extensive work in laboratory paradigms of behavioral economics and social psychology, the authors document a strong human tendency toward behaving prosocially. They then briefly examine the phylogenetic and developmental origins of behaving prosocially and its different motives, such as reputational concerns and caring for others, as well as emotions that facilitate prosocial behavior, such as empathy or guilt. The authors also summarize insights from cognitive neuroscience on the brain networks that undergird prosocial behavior. They close with a call for more naturalistic experimental paradigms and the consideration of temporal dynamics of prosocial behavior.

Medieval Jewish negative theology and its obscure notions of divine attributes spurred a reaction among some Jews who wanted a more manifest sense of knowledge of God. This reaction was one of the factors that led to the emergence of the medieval Jewish mysticism known as the Kabbalah. The Kabbalists accepted the philosophers’ negative theology, but they wanted to know what they were negating. They accomplished this unaccomplishable paradox through the ten Sefirot. The Sefirot are a type of divine creative energy that facilitates God’s interactions with the world; they are the channels through which the divine transcendence achieves a progressively manifest immanence. Although God in essence in unknowable, the Sefirot are a knowable reflection of divinity. For these Kabbalists, “God is one” meant that God as God truly is one. Yet God from the human perspective is not one but ten.

Solifenacin succinate ((3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl (1S)-1-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-carboxylate compound with butaneodioic acid (1:1)) has a molecular weight of 480.6 and a molecular formula of C23H26N2O2,C4H6O4. Solifenacin succinate 5 mg is equivalent to solifenacin 3.8 mg. Dosage of solifenacin succinate is expressed in terms of the salt.

This chapter of the handbook proposes a developmental ethics, an organic moral theory grounded in (1) humanity’s deep evolutionary history, (2) the malleability of the child’s neurobiological structures that undergird moral functioning, and (3) the influence of cultural practices on neurobiological development. The chapter addresses the following questions: What kind of creature are we? What qualities do we need to live a full life? What kinds of capacities make each a proper member of the species? What influences our development? Answers center around perhaps the most critical influence on human development, our species’ evolved nest. In humanity’s ancestral context, nestedness is a lifelong experience with particular import in early life. Moral virtue emerges from holistically coordinated physiological, psychological, spiritual systems oriented toward holistic communal harmony, social attunement, receptivity, and interpersonal flexibility. Understanding how the evolved nest scaffolds biopsychosocial and moral development reveals why antisocial behavior is so pervasive in modern Western culture – and it provides a baseline for redesigning society to promote prosociality.

This conclusion begins by showing how money and religion had become intertwined in the minds of many Irish Catholics by the end of the period under review, by way of a row that erupted over the design of new coinage in the new Irish Free State. It goes on to argue that the book’s findings have implications for understanding of the Church’s place in the wider economy, for how power operated in the relationship between Church and laity, and for our understanding of the roles played by the laity in the so-called ‘devotional revolution’. It finally argues that a more intimate portrait of the Catholic population has been achieved through the book’s focus on their everyday financial transactions with their Church.

Sildenafil citrate (5-[2-ethoxy-5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-ylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1,6-dihydro-1-methyl-3-propylpyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one citrate; 1-{[3-(6,7-dihydro-1-methyl-7-oxo-3-propyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-4-ethoxyphenyl]sulfonyl}-4-methylpiperazone citrate) is a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor with a molecular weight of 666.7 and a molecular formula of C22H30N6O4S,C6H8O7.

Glycopyrronium bromide (3-(α-cyclopentylmandeloyloxy)-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidinium bromide) has a molecular weight of 398.3 and a molecular formula of C19H28BrNO3.

The introduction sets out the main themes of the book: that the role of gesture in religious worship was highlighted by the Reformation, and that it was especially significant in the English Reformation. It develops these themes by showing that gesture was central to some of the key concepts of the English Reformation: indifference, uniformity and conformity. First, were certain gestures essential to worship, or were they merely matters of indifference? Secondly, was variation in gesture permissible in public worship, or should all people use the same gestures in order to create a uniform Protestant body? Finally, was gesture a matter of free choice, or did the church have the right to impose gestural conformity on its members? It argues that these questions of church order opened up a larger epistemological question about what gestures meant, or whether, in the end, they meant anything at all.