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This series is devoted to thorough, yet reasonably concise treatments of topics in any branch of mathematics. Typically, a Tract takes up a single thread in a wide subject, and follows its ramifications, thus throwing light on various of its aspects. Tracts are expected to be rigorous, definitive and of lasting value to mathematicians working in the relevant disciplines. Exercises can be included to illustrate techniques, summarize past work and enhance the book's value as a seminar text.

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159 results in Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics

Page 6 of 8

Metric Spaces
  • E. T. Copson
  • Published online:
    06 January 2010
    Print publication:
    01 May 1968
  • Metric space topology, as the generalization to abstract spaces of the theory of sets of points on a line or in a plane, unifies many branches of classical analysis and is necessary introduction to functional analysis. Professor Copson's book, which is based on lectures given to third-year undergraduates at the University of St Andrews, provides a more leisurely treatment of metric spaces than is found in books on functional analysis, which are usually written at graduate student level. His presentation is aimed at the applications of the theory to classical algebra and analysis; in particular, the chapter on contraction mappings shows how it provides proof of many of the existence theorems in classical analysis.

Linear and Projective Representations of Symmetric Groups
  • Alexander Kleshchev
  • Published online:
    06 January 2010
    Print publication:
    30 June 2005
  • The representation theory of symmetric groups is one of the most beautiful, popular and important parts of algebra, with many deep relations to other areas of mathematics such as combinatories, Lie theory and algebraic geometry. Kleshchev describes a new approach to the subject, based on the recent work of Lascoux, Leclerc, Thibon, Ariki, Grojnowski and Brundan, as well as his own. Much of this work has previously appeared only in the research literature. However to make it accessible to graduate students, the theory is developed from scratch, the only prerequisite being a standard course in abstract algebra. For the sake of transparency, Kleshchev concentrates on symmetric and spin-symmetric groups, though methods he develops are quite general and apply to a number of related objects. In sum, this unique book will be welcomed by graduate students and researchers as a modern account of the subject.

Irregularities of Distribution
  • Jozsef Beck, William W. L. Chen
  • Published online:
    06 January 2010
    Print publication:
    23 July 1987
  • This book is an authoritative description of the various approaches to and methods in the theory of irregularities of distribution. The subject is primarily concerned with number theory, but also borders on combinatorics and probability theory. The work is in three parts. The first is concerned with the classical problem, complemented where appropriate with more recent results. In the second part, the authors study generalizations of the classical problem, pioneered by Schmidt. Here, they include chapters on the integral equation method of Schmidt and the more recent Fourier transform technique. The final part is devoted to Roth's '1/4-theorem'.

On L1-Approximation
  • Allan M. Pinkus
  • Published online:
    06 January 2010
    Print publication:
    17 August 1989
  • This monograph is concerned with the qualitative theory of best L1-approximation from finite-dimensional subspaces. It presents a survey of recent research that extends 'classical' results concerned with best uniform approximation to the L1 case. The work is organized in such a way as to be useful for self-study or as a text for advanced courses. It begins with a basic introduction to the concepts of approximation theory before addressing one- or two-sided best approximation from finite-dimensional subspaces and approaches to the computation of these. At the end of each chapter is a series of exercises; these give the reader an opportunity to test understanding and also contain some theoretical digressions and extensions of the text.

The Covering Property Axiom, CPA
  • A Combinatorial Core of the Iterated Perfect Set Model
  • Krzysztof Ciesielski, Janusz Pawlikowski
  • Published online:
    06 January 2010
    Print publication:
    23 August 2004
  • Here the authors formulate and explore a new axiom of set theory, CPA, the Covering Property Axiom. CPA is consistent with the usual ZFC axioms, indeed it is true in the iterated Sacks model and actually captures the combinatorial core of this model. A plethora of results known to be true in the Sacks model easily follow from CPA. Replacing iterated forcing arguments with deductions from CPA simplifies proofs, provides deeper insight, and leads to new results. One may say that CPA is similar in nature to Martin's axiom, as both capture the essence of the models of ZFC in which they hold. The exposition is self contained and there are natural applications to real analysis and topology. Researchers who use set theory in their work will find much of interest in this book.

The Monster Group and Majorana Involutions
  • A. A. Ivanov
  • Published online:
    06 January 2010
    Print publication:
    19 March 2009
  • This is the first book to contain a rigorous construction and uniqueness proof for the largest and most famous sporadic simple group, the Monster. The author provides a systematic exposition of the theory of the Monster group, which remains largely unpublished despite great interest from both mathematicians and physicists due to its intrinsic connection with various areas in mathematics, including reflection groups, modular forms and conformal field theory. Through construction via the Monster amalgam – one of the most promising in the modern theory of finite groups – the author observes some important properties of the action of the Monster on its minimal module, which are axiomatized under the name of Majorana involutions. Development of the theory of the groups generated by Majorana involutions leads the author to the conjecture that Monster is the largest group generated by the Majorana involutions.

The Lebesgue Integral
  • J. C. Burkill
  • Published online:
    23 December 2009
    Print publication:
    01 January 1951
  • Dr Burkill gives a straightforward introduction to Lebesgue's theory of integration. His approach is the classical one, making use of the concept of measure, and deriving the principal results required for applications of the theory.

Completeness and Basis Properties of Sets of Special Functions
  • J. R. Higgins
  • Published online:
    18 December 2009
    Print publication:
    21 April 1977
  • This tract presents an exposition of methods for testing sets of special functions for completeness and basis properties, mostly in L2 and L2 spaces. The first chapter contains the theoretical background to the subject, largely in a general Hilbert space setting, and theorems in which the structure of Hilbert space is revealed by properties of its bases are dealt with. Later parts of the book deal with methods: for example, the Vitali criterion, together with its generalisations and applications, is discussed in some detail, and there is an introduction to the theory of stability of bases. The last chapter deals with complete sets as eigenfunctions of differential and a table of a wide variety of bases and complete sets of special functions. Dr Higgins' account will be useful to graduate students of mathematics and professional mathematicians, especially Banach spaces. The emphasis on methods of testing and their applications will also interest scientists and engineers engaged in fields such as the sampling theory of signals in electrical engineering and boundary value problems in mathematical physics.

Polycyclic Groups
  • Daniel Segal
  • Published online:
    18 December 2009
    Print publication:
    26 May 1983
  • The theory of polycyclic groups is a branch of infinite group theory which has a rather different flavour from the rest of that subject. This book is a comprehensive account of the present state of this theory. As well as providing a connected and self-contained account of the group-theoretical background, it explains in detail how deep methods of number theory and algebraic group theory have been used to achieve some very recent and rather spectacular advances in the subject. Up to now, most of this material has only been available in scattered research journals, and some of it is new. This book is the only unified account of these developments, and will be of interest to mathematicians doing research in algebra, and to postgraduate students studying that subject.

Duality and Perturbation Methods in Critical Point Theory
  • N. Ghoussoub
  • Published online:
    18 December 2009
    Print publication:
    19 August 1993
  • The calculus of variations has been an active area of mathematics for over 300 years. Its main use is to find stable critical points of functions for the solution of problems. To find unstable values, new approaches (Morse theory and min-max methods) were developed, and these are still being refined to overcome difficulties when applied to the theory of partial differential equations. Here, Professor Ghoussoub describes a point of view that may help when dealing with such problems. Building upon min-max methods, he systematically develops a general theory that can be applied in a variety of situations. In so doing he also presents a whole array of duality and perturbation methods. The prerequisites for following this book are relatively few; an appendix sketching certain methods in analysis makes the book reasonably self-contained. Consequently, it should be accessible to all mathematicians, pure or applied, economists and engineers working in nonlinear analysis or optimization.

Finite Free Resolutions
  • D. G. Northcott
  • Published online:
    15 December 2009
    Print publication:
    27 August 1976
  • An important part of homological algebra deals with modules possessing projective resolutions of finite length. This goes back to Hilbert's famous theorem on syzygies through, in the earlier theory, free modules with finite bases were used rather than projective modules. The introduction of a wider class of resolutions led to a theory rich in results, but in the process certain special properties of finite free resolutions were overlooked. D. A. Buchsbaum and D. Eisenbud have shown that finite free resolutions have a fascinating structure theory. This has revived interest in the simpler kind of resolution and caused the subject to develop rapidly. This Cambridge Tract attempts to give a genuinely self-contained and elementary presentation of the basic theory, and to provide a sound foundation for further study. The text contains a substantial number of exercises. These enable the reader to test his understanding and they allow the subject to be developed more rapidly. Each chapter ends with the solutions to the exercises contained in it.

Dynamics of Linear Operators
  • Frédéric Bayart, Étienne Matheron
  • Published online:
    10 December 2009
    Print publication:
    04 June 2009
  • The dynamics of linear operators is a young and rapidly evolving branch of functional analysis. In this book, which focuses on hypercyclicity and supercyclicity, the authors assemble the wide body of theory that has received much attention over the last fifteen years and present it for the first time in book form. Selected topics include various kinds of 'existence theorems', the role of connectedness in hypercyclicity, linear dynamics and ergodic theory, frequently hypercyclic and chaotic operators, hypercyclic subspaces, the angle criterion, universality of the Riemann zeta function, and an introduction to operators without non-trivial invariant subspaces. Many original results are included, along with important simplifications of proofs from the existing research literature, making this an invaluable guide for students of the subject. This book will be useful for researchers in operator theory, but also accessible to anyone with a reasonable background in functional analysis at the graduate level.

Multivalent Functions
  • 2nd edition
  • W. K. Hayman
  • Published online:
    24 November 2009
    Print publication:
    24 November 1994
  • The class of multivalent functions is an important one in complex analysis. They occur for example in the proof of De Branges' theorem which, in 1985, settled the long-standing Bieberbach conjecture. The second edition of Professor Hayman's celebrated book contains a full and self-contained proof of this result, with a chapter devoted to it. Another chapter deals with coefficient differences. It has been updated in several other ways, with theorems of Baernstein and Pommerenke on univalent functions of restricted growth, and an account of the theory of mean p-valent functions. In addition, many of the original proofs have been simplified. Each chapter contains examples and exercises of varying degrees of difficulty designed both to test understanding and illustrate the material. Consequently it will be useful for graduate students, and essential for specialists in complex function theory.

The Theory of Cluster Sets
  • E. F. Collingwood, A. J. Lohwater
  • Published online:
    06 November 2009
    Print publication:
    02 January 1966
  • The book provides an introduction to the theory of cluster sets, a branch of topological analysis which has made great strides in recent years. The cluster set of a function at a particular point is the set of limit values of the function at that point which may be either a boundary point or (in the case of a non-analytic function) an interior point of the function's domain. In topological analysis, its main application is to problems arising in the theory of functions of a complex variable, with particular reference to boundary behaviour such as the theory of prime ends under conformal mapping. An important and novel feature of the book is the discussion of more general applications to non-analytic functions, including arbitrary functions. The authors assume a general familiarity with classical function theory but include the more specialised material required for the development of the theory of cluster sets, so making the treatment accessible to graduate students.

The Lévy Laplacian
  • M. N. Feller
  • Published online:
    02 November 2009
    Print publication:
    24 November 2005
  • The Lévy Laplacian is an infinite-dimensional generalization of the well-known classical Laplacian. The theory has become well developed in recent years and this book was the first systematic treatment of the Lévy–Laplace operator. The book describes the infinite-dimensional analogues of finite-dimensional results, and more especially those features which appear only in the generalized context. It develops a theory of operators generated by the Lévy Laplacian and the symmetrized Lévy Laplacian, as well as a theory of linear and nonlinear equations involving it. There are many problems leading to equations with Lévy Laplacians and to Lévy–Laplace operators, for example superconductivity theory, the theory of control systems, the Gauss random field theory, and the Yang–Mills equation. The book is complemented by an exhaustive bibliography. The result is a work that will be valued by those working in functional analysis, partial differential equations and probability theory.

Ends of Complexes
  • Bruce Hughes, Andrew Ranicki
  • Published online:
    30 October 2009
    Print publication:
    28 August 1996
  • The ends of a topological space are the directions in which it becomes non-compact by tending to infinity. The tame ends of manifolds are particularly interesting, both for their own sake, and for their use in the classification of high-dimensional compact manifolds. The book is devoted to the related theory and practice of ends, dealing with manifolds and CW complexes in topology and chain complexes in algebra. The first part develops a homotopy model of the behaviour at infinity of a non-compact space. The second part studies tame ends in topology. Tame ends are shown to have a uniform structure, with a periodic shift map. Approximate fibrations are used to prove that tame manifold ends are the infinite cyclic covers of compact manifolds. The third part translates these topological considerations into an appropriate algebraic context, relating tameness to homological properties and algebraic K- and L-theory.

Simple Noetherian Rings
  • John Cozzens, CArl Faith
  • Published online:
    29 October 2009
    Print publication:
    28 November 1975
  • This work specifically surveys simple Noetherian rings. The authors present theorems on the structure of simple right Noetherian rings and, more generally, on simple rings containing a uniform right ideal U. The text is as elementary and self-contained as practicable, and the little background required in homological and categorical algebra is given in a short appendix. Full definitions are given and short, complete, elementary proofs are provided for such key theorems as the Morita theorem, the Correspondence theorem, the Wedderburn–Artin theorem, the Goldie–Lesieur–Croisot theorem, and many others. Complex mathematical machinery has been eliminated wherever possible or its introduction into the text delayed as long as possible. (Even tensor products are not required until Chapter 3.)

Analysis in Positive Characteristic
  • Anatoly N. Kochubei
  • Published online:
    26 October 2009
    Print publication:
    05 March 2009
  • Devoted to counterparts of classical structures of mathematical analysis in analysis over local fields of positive characteristic, this book treats positive characteristic phenomena from an analytic viewpoint. Building on the basic objects introduced by L. Carlitz - such as the Carlitz factorials, exponential and logarithm, and the orthonormal system of Carlitz polynomials - the author develops a kind of differential and integral calculi. He also expands on the basics of an analytic theory of (Carlitz's) differential equations, providing a useful foundation for the study of various special functions. The differential calculus is extended to a type of Rota's umbral calculus, and an investigation is made of the corresponding rings of differential operators. A theory of quasi-holonomic modules over these rings, having some common features with holonomic modules in the sense of Bernstein, is also connected to some special functions in the spirit of Zeilberger's theory.

Gaussian Hilbert Spaces
  • Svante Janson
  • Published online:
    21 October 2009
    Print publication:
    12 June 1997
  • This book treats the very special and fundamental mathematical properties that hold for a family of Gaussian (or normal) random variables. Such random variables have many applications in probability theory, other parts of mathematics, statistics and theoretical physics. The emphasis throughout this book is on the mathematical structures common to all these applications. This will be an excellent resource for all researchers whose work involves random variables.

Fredholm Theory in Banach Spaces
  • Anthony Francis Ruston
  • Published online:
    16 October 2009
    Print publication:
    17 July 1986
  • In this tract, Dr Ruston presents analogues for operators on Banach spaces of Fredholm's solution of integral equations of the second kind. Much of the presentation is based on research carried out over the last twenty-five years and has never appeared in book form before. Dr Ruston begins with the construction for operators of finite rank, using Fredholm's original method as a guide. He then considers formulae that have structure similar to those obtained by Fredholm, using, and developing further, the relationship with Riesz theory. In particular, he obtains bases for the finite-dimensional subspaces figuring in the Riesz theory. Finally he returns to the study of specific constructions for various classes of operators. Dr Ruston has made every effort to keep the presentation as elementary as possible, using arguments that do not require a very advanced background. Thus the book can be read with profit by graduate students as well as specialists working in the general area of functional analysis and its applications.

Page 6 of 8