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This series is devoted to thorough, yet reasonably concise treatments of topics in any branch of mathematics. Typically, a Tract takes up a single thread in a wide subject, and follows its ramifications, thus throwing light on various of its aspects. Tracts are expected to be rigorous, definitive and of lasting value to mathematicians working in the relevant disciplines. Exercises can be included to illustrate techniques, summarize past work and enhance the book's value as a seminar text.

  • Editorial Boards: Jean Bertoin, University of Zurich, Béla Bollobás, University of Cambridge, William Fulton, University of Michigan, Bryna Kra, Northwestern University, Illinois, Ieke Moerdijk, Utrecht University, Cheryl Praeger, University of Western Australia, Peter Sarnak, Princeton University, New Jersey, Barry Simon, California Institute of Technology, Burt Totaro, University of California, Los Angeles

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159 results in Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics

Page 5 of 8

The Volume of Convex Bodies and Banach Space Geometry
  • Gilles Pisier
  • Published online:
    05 May 2010
    Print publication:
    26 October 1989
  • This book aims to give a self-contained presentation of a number of results, which relate the volume of convex bodies in n-dimensional Euclidean space and the geometry of the corresponding finite-dimensional normed spaces. The methods employ classical ideas from the theory of convex sets, probability theory, approximation theory and the local theory of Banach spaces. The book is in two parts. The first presents self-contained proofs of the quotient of the subspace theorem, the inverse Santalo inequality and the inverse Brunn-Minkowski inequality. The second part gives a detailed exposition of the recently introduced classes of Banach spaces of weak cotype 2 or weak type 2, and the intersection of the classes (weak Hilbert space). The book is based on courses given in Paris and in Texas.

Synthetic Geometry of Manifolds
  • Anders Kock
  • Published online:
    05 May 2010
    Print publication:
    19 November 2009
  • This elegant book is sure to become the standard introduction to synthetic differential geometry. It deals with some classical spaces in differential geometry, namely 'prolongation spaces' or neighbourhoods of the diagonal. These spaces enable a natural description of some of the basic constructions in local differential geometry and, in fact, form an inviting gateway to differential geometry, and also to some differential-geometric notions that exist in algebraic geometry. The presentation conveys the real strength of this approach to differential geometry. Concepts are clarified, proofs are streamlined, and the focus on infinitesimal spaces motivates the discussion well. Some of the specific differential-geometric theories dealt with are connection theory (notably affine connections), geometric distributions, differential forms, jet bundles, differentiable groupoids, differential operators, Riemannian metrics, and harmonic maps. Ideal for graduate students and researchers wishing to familiarize themselves with the field.

Totally Positive Matrices
  • Allan Pinkus
  • Published online:
    05 May 2010
    Print publication:
    26 November 2009
  • Totally positive matrices constitute a particular class of matrices, the study of which was initiated by analysts because of its many applications in diverse areas. This account of the subject is comprehensive and thorough, with careful treatment of the central properties of totally positive matrices, full proofs and a complete bibliography. The history of the subject is also described: in particular, the book ends with a tribute to the four people who have made the most notable contributions to the history of total positivity: I. J. Schoenberg, M. G. Krein, F. R. Gantmacher and S. Karlin. This monograph will appeal to those with an interest in matrix theory, to those who use or have used total positivity, and to anyone who wishes to learn about this rich and interesting subject.

Proximity Spaces
  • S. A. Naimpally
  • Published online:
    05 May 2010
    Print publication:
    02 January 1971
  • This tract provides a compact introduction to the theory of proximity spaces and their generalisations, making the subject accessible to readers having a basic knowledge of topological and uniform spaces, such as can be found in standard textbooks. Two chapters are devoted to fundamentals, the main result being the proof of the existence of the Smirnov compactification using clusters. Chapter 3 discusses the interrelationships between proximity spaces and uniform spaces and contains some of the most interesting results in the theory of proximity spaces. The final chapter introduces the reader to several generalised forms of proximity structures and studies one of them in detail. The bibliography contains over 130 references to the scattered research literature on proximity spaces, in addition to general references.

Torsors and Rational Points
  • Alexei Skorobogatov
  • Published online:
    05 May 2010
    Print publication:
    05 July 2001
  • The classical descent on curves of genus one can be interpreted as providing conditions on the set of rational points of an algebraic variety X defined over a number field, viewed as a subset of its adelic points. This is the natural set-up of the Hasse principle and various approximation properties of rational points. The most famous among such conditions is the Manin obstruction exploiting the Brauer-Grothendieck group of X. It emerged recently that a non-abelian generalization of descent sometimes provides stronger conditions on rational points. An all-encompassing 'obstruction' is related to the X-torsors (families of principal homogenous spaces with base X) under algebraic groups. This book, first published in 2001, is a detailed exposition of the general theory of torsors with key examples, the relation of descent to the Manin obstruction, and applications of descent: to conic bundles, to bielliptic surfaces, and to homogenous spaces of algebraic groups.

Multiple Forcing
  • T. Jech
  • Published online:
    04 May 2010
    Print publication:
    22 January 1987
  • In this 1987 text Professor Jech gives a unified treatment of the various forcing methods used in set theory, and presents their important applications. Product forcing, iterated forcing and proper forcing have proved powerful tools when studying the foundations of mathematics, for instance in consistency proofs. The book is based on graduate courses though some results are also included, making the book attractive to set theorists and logicians.

Exponential Diophantine Equations
  • T. N. Shorey, R. Tijdeman
  • Published online:
    04 May 2010
    Print publication:
    27 November 1986
  • This is a integrated presentation of the theory of exponential diophantine equations. The authors present, in a clear and unified fashion, applications to exponential diophantine equations and linear recurrence sequences of the Gelfond-Baker theory of linear forms in logarithms of algebraic numbers. Topics covered include the Thue equations, the generalised hyperelliptic equation, and the Fermat and Catalan equations. The necessary preliminaries are given in the first three chapters. Each chapter ends with a section giving details of related results.

Analysis and Geometry on Groups
  • Nicholas T. Varopoulos, L. Saloff-Coste, T. Coulhon
  • Published online:
    01 April 2010
    Print publication:
    07 January 1993
  • The geometry and analysis that is discussed in this book extends to classical results for general discrete or Lie groups, and the methods used are analytical but have little to do with what is described these days as real analysis. Most of the results described in this book have a dual formulation; they have a 'discrete version' related to a finitely generated discrete group, and a continuous version related to a Lie group. The authors chose to centre this book around Lie groups but could quite easily have pushed it in several other directions as it interacts with opetators, and probability theory, as well as with group theory. This book will serve as an excellent basis for graduate courses in Lie groups, Markov chains or potential theory.

Convexity
  • H. G. Eggleston
  • Published online:
    30 March 2010
    Print publication:
    01 January 1958
  • This account of convexity includes the basic properties of convex sets in Euclidean space and their applications, the theory of convex functions and an outline of the results of transformations and combinations of convex sets. It will be useful for those concerned with the many applications of convexity in economics, the theory of games, the theory of functions, topology, geometry and the theory of numbers.

Divisors
  • Richard R. Hall, Gérald Tenenbaum
  • Published online:
    26 March 2010
    Print publication:
    15 September 1988
  • This is a systematic account of the multiplicative structure of integers, from the probabilistic point of view. The authors are especially concerned with the distribution of the divisors, which is as fundamental and important as the additive structure of the integers, and yet until now has hardly been discussed outside of the research literature. Hardy and Ramanujan initiated this area of research and it was developed by Erdös in the thirties. His work led to some deep and basic conjectures of wide application which have now essentially been settled. This book contains detailed proofs, some of which have never appeared in print before, of those conjectures that are concerned with the propinquity of divisors. Consequently it will be essential reading for all researchers in analytic number theory.

Birational Geometry of Algebraic Varieties
  • Janos Kollár, Shigefumi Mori
  • Published online:
    24 March 2010
    Print publication:
    17 September 1998
  • One of the major discoveries of the last two decades of the twentieth century in algebraic geometry is the realization that the theory of minimal models of surfaces can be generalized to higher dimensional varieties. This generalization, called the minimal model program or Mori's program, has developed into a powerful tool with applications to diverse questions in algebraic geometry and beyond. This book provides the a comprehensive introduction to the circle of ideas developed around the program, the prerequisites being only a basic knowledge of algebraic geometry. It will be of great interest to graduate students and researchers working in algebraic geometry and related fields.

Arithmetic of Quadratic Forms
  • Yoshiyuki Kitaoka
  • Published online:
    20 March 2010
    Print publication:
    19 August 1993
  • The aim of this book is to provide an introduction to quadratic forms that builds from basics up to the most recent results. Professor Kitaoka is well known for his work in this area, and in this book he covers many aspects of the subject, including lattice theory, Siegel's formula, and some results involving tensor products of positive definite quadratic forms. The reader is required to have only a knowledge of algebraic number fields, making this book ideal for graduate students and researchers wishing for an insight into quadratic forms.

An Introduction to Maximum Principles and Symmetry in Elliptic Problems
  • L. E. Fraenkel
  • Published online:
    05 February 2010
    Print publication:
    25 February 2000
  • Originally published in 2000, this was the first book to present the basic theory of the symmetry of solutions to second-order elliptic partial differential equations by means of the maximum principle. It proceeds from elementary facts about the linear case to recent results about positive solutions of non-linear elliptic equations. Gidas, Ni and Nirenberg, building on work of Alexandrov and of Serrin, have shown that the shape of the set on which such elliptic equations are solved has a strong effect on the form of positive solutions. In particular, if the equation and its boundary condition allow spherically symmetric solutions, then, remarkably, all positive solutions are spherically symmetric. Results are presented with minimal prerequisites in a style suited to graduate students. Two long and leisurely appendices give basic facts about the Laplace and Poisson equations. There is a plentiful supply of exercises, with detailed hints.

Matrices of Sign-Solvable Linear Systems
  • Richard A. Brualdi, Bryan L. Shader
  • Published online:
    04 February 2010
    Print publication:
    29 September 1995
  • The sign-solvability of a linear system implies that the signs of the entries of the solution are determined solely on the basis of the signs of the coefficients of the system. That it might be worthwhile and possible to investigate such linear systems was recognised by Samuelson in his classic book Foundations of Economic Analysis. Sign-solvability is part of a larger study which seeks to understand the special circumstances under which an algebraic, analytic or geometric property of a matrix can be determined from the combinatorial arrangement of the positive, negative and zero elements of the matrix. The large and diffuse body of literature connected with sign-solvability is presented as a coherent whole for the first time in this book, displaying it as a beautiful interplay between combinatorics and linear algebra. One of the features of this book is that algorithms that are implicit in many of the proofs have been explicitly described and their complexity has been commented on.

Poincaré Duality Algebras, Macaulay's Dual Systems, and Steenrod Operations
  • Dagmar M. Meyer, Larry Smith
  • Published online:
    29 January 2010
    Print publication:
    18 August 2005
  • Poincaré duality algebras originated in the work of topologists on the cohomology of closed manifolds, and Macaulay's dual systems in the study of irreducible ideals in polynomial algebras. These two ideas are tied together using basic commutative algebra involving Gorenstein algebras. Steenrod operations also originated in algebraic topology, but may best be viewed as a means of encoding the information often hidden behind the Frobenius map in characteristic p<>0. They provide a noncommutative tool to study commutative algebras over a Galois field. In this Tract the authors skilfully bring together these ideas and apply them to problems in invariant theory. A number of remarkable and unexpected interdisciplinary connections are revealed that will interest researchers in the areas of commutative algebra, invariant theory or algebraic topology.

A Higher-Dimensional Sieve Method
  • With Procedures for Computing Sieve Functions
  • Harold G. Diamond, H. Halberstam, William F. Galway
  • Published online:
    28 January 2010
    Print publication:
    16 October 2008
  • Nearly a hundred years have passed since Viggo Brun invented his famous sieve, and the use of sieve methods is constantly evolving. As probability and combinatorics have penetrated the fabric of mathematical activity, sieve methods have become more versatile and sophisticated and in recent years have played a part in some of the most spectacular mathematical discoveries. Many arithmetical investigations encounter a combinatorial problem that requires a sieving argument, and this tract offers a modern and reliable guide in such situations. The theory of higher dimensional sieves is thoroughly explored, and examples are provided throughout. A Mathematica® software package for sieve-theoretical calculations is provided on the authors' website. To further benefit readers, the Appendix describes methods for computing sieve functions. These methods are generally applicable to the computation of other functions used in analytic number theory. The appendix also illustrates features of Mathematica® which aid in the computation of such functions.

The Geometry of Fractal Sets
  • K. J. Falconer
  • Published online:
    25 January 2010
    Print publication:
    10 January 1985
  • This book contains a rigorous mathematical treatment of the geometrical aspects of sets of both integral and fractional Hausdorff dimension. Questions of local density and the existence of tangents of such sets are studied, as well as the dimensional properties of their projections in various directions. In the case of sets of integral dimension the dramatic differences between regular 'curve-like' sets and irregular 'dust like' sets are exhibited. The theory is related by duality to Kayeka sets (sets of zero area containing lines in every direction). The final chapter includes diverse examples of sets to which the general theory is applicable: discussions of curves of fractional dimension, self-similar sets, strange attractors, and examples from number theory, convexity and so on. There is an emphasis on the basic tools of the subject such as the Vitali covering lemma, net measures and Fourier transform methods.

Quantum Stochastic Processes and Noncommutative Geometry
  • Kalyan B. Sinha, Debashish Goswami
  • Published online:
    19 January 2010
    Print publication:
    25 January 2007
  • The classical theory of stochastic processes has important applications arising from the need to describe irreversible evolutions in classical mechanics; analogously quantum stochastic processes can be used to model the dynamics of irreversible quantum systems. Noncommutative, i.e. quantum, geometry provides a framework in which quantum stochastic structures can be explored. This book is the first to describe how these two mathematical constructions are related.In particular, key ideas of semigroups and complete positivity are combined to yield quantum dynamical semigroups (QDS). Sinha and Goswami also develop a general theory of Evans-Hudson dilation for both bounded and unbounded coefficients. The unique features of the book, including the interaction of QDS and quantum stochastic calculus with noncommutative geometry and a thorough discussion of this calculus with unbounded coefficients, will make it of interest to graduate students and researchers in functional analysis, probability and mathematical physics.

Sets of Multiples
  • Richard R. Hall
  • Published online:
    19 January 2010
    Print publication:
    10 October 1996
  • The theory of sets of multiples, a subject which lies at the intersection of analytic and probabilistic number theory, has seen much development since the publication of Sequences by Halberstam and Roth nearly thirty years ago. The area is rich in problems, many of them still unsolved or arising from current work. The author sets out to give a coherent, essentially self-contained account of the existing theory and at the same time to bring the reader to the frontiers of research. One of the fascinations of the theory is the variety of methods applicable to it, which include Fourier analysis, group theory, high and ultra-low moments, probability and elementary inequalities, as well as several branches of number theory. This Tract is the first devoted to the subject, and will be of value to research workers or graduate students in number theory.

Enumeration of Finite Groups
  • Simon R. Blackburn, Peter M. Neumann, Geetha Venkataraman
  • Published online:
    12 January 2010
    Print publication:
    18 October 2007
  • How many groups of order n are there? This is a natural question for anyone studying group theory, and this Tract provides an exhaustive and up-to-date account of research into this question spanning almost fifty years. The authors presuppose an undergraduate knowledge of group theory, up to and including Sylow's Theorems, a little knowledge of how a group may be presented by generators and relations, a very little representation theory from the perspective of module theory, and a very little cohomology theory - but most of the basics are expounded here and the book is more or less self-contained. Although it is principally devoted to a connected exposition of an agreeable theory, the book does also contain some material that has not hitherto been published. It is designed to be used as a graduate text but also as a handbook for established research workers in group theory.

Page 5 of 8