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The jurisprudence of international administrative tribunals holds great relevance for international organisations, as seen in the proliferation of these tribunals, the complexity of their jurisprudence, and their practical impact. This book provides a comprehensive and accessible analysis of essential topics in this field, including applicable sources, jurisdiction and admissibility, grounds for review, equality and non-discrimination, and remedies. It also covers key emerging issues, such as the rights of non-staff personnel, the growing application of international human rights law by tribunals, and the protection of acquired rights. Drawing on thousands of decisions, this book is an invaluable resource for both practitioners and scholars. For practitioners, it offers a practical guide to navigating complex cases. For scholars, it highlights common principles and key divergences across the jurisprudence of some thirty tribunals, at the same time illuminating the increasingly sophisticated interplay between international administrative law and public international law.
As the first book-length examination of abolition and its legacies in Mexico, this collection reveals innovative social, cultural, political, and intellectual approaches to Afro-Mexican history. It complicates the long-standing belief that Afro-Mexicans were erased from the nation. The volume instead shows how they created their own archival legibility by continuing and modifying colonial-era forms of resistance, among other survival strategies. The essays document the lives and choices of Afro-descended peoples, both enslaved and free, over the course of two centuries, culminating during the Mexican Revolution of 1910. Contributors examine how Afro-Mexicans who lived under Spanish rule took advantage of colonial structures to self-advocate and form communities. Beginning with the war for independence and continuing after the abolition of slavery and caste in the 1820s, Afro-descended citizens responded to and, at times, resisted the claims of racial disappearance to shape both local and national politics.
This book delves into the lives, growth, and inner workings of creative artists, sharing stories about the lives of those who have built their career in the arts. Drawing from interviews with more than 60 expert artists from varied domains - including Oscar, Grammy, Emmy, and Pulitzer Prize winners - these detailed, intimate, and surprising anecdotes shed light on creativity from both personal and professional perspectives. Chapters focus on the influences of family and school on creativity, through early discoveries and passions that led to growth and development. In their own words, interviewees describe the joys of 'making it' in the creative world alongside the realities of the business, from finances to relationships and possible legacies. Taking a narrative approach that reveals the hidden truths about being a creative artist, this book offers a unique window on creativity for researchers and artists alike.
According to the WHO in 2024, more than 720,000 people die due to suicide every year. With practical, evidence-based interventions, suicides can be prevented. This book addresses and evaluates those strategies in order to address this global health issue. Written by international experts in the field, this book provides global strategies applicable in both High Income and Low/Middle Income country settings. Chapters cover topics such as decriminalisation, the role of intention, the reasons for the excess of male deaths by suicide in High Income countries, and the relationship between suicide and violence. The book emphasises practicality and accessibility, making it an authoritative guide for practitioners and policy makers around the world. This succinct and evidence-based resource is essential reading for those seeking to develop and implement global suicide prevention strategies.
The 'Discriminative Lexicon Model' is a new theory of how we process words, which moves radically away from most standard theories of morphology. This book introduces the Discriminative Lexicon from both a practical and a theoretical perspective. The first half explains the basic theory and the main parts of 'JudiLing', the Julia package implementing the theory. This is complimented by theory boxes introducing the core concepts underlying the model, such as Matrix Multiplication and the Rescorla-Wagner learning rule. The second half provides a series of case studies spanning languages as diverse as Maltese, Biblical Hebrew, Dutch, Navajo, Estonian and French, as well as multilingual settings. It also shows how behavioural data like lexical decision reaction times, acoustic durations or tongue movements can be modelled. These are accompanied by practice exercises. It is essential reading for researchers and students in a wide range of linguistic fields, including phonetics and computational linguistics.
This groundbreaking Companion explores how Counter-Reformation sanctity reshaped religious identities, sacred traditions, and devotional practices that transformed Catholicism into the first global religion. Offering a fresh perspective on early modern Catholicism, it moves beyond traditional debates about Reformation and Reform and presents sanctity as the defining lens through which to view the period's transformative changes. By examining the lives, representations, and global impact of saints, the Companion demonstrates how sanctity countered the Protestant challenge and also transformed the very fabric of Catholicism between 1500 and 1750. Organized into four thematic sections-models of sanctity, the creation and contestation of sanctity, the representation of saints, and everyday interactions with saints-the volume also provides insight into the role of holiness during this pivotal period in Church history. Connecting history, theology, art history, and material culture, this interdisciplinary Companion serves as an indispensable resource for scholars and students seeking a comprehensive understanding of early modern Catholicism's influence on European and global history.
Uniformitarianism is the widely held assumption that, in languages, changes in the past must have been subject to the same constraints as changes in the present. This volume, led by two of the most eminent scholars in language contact, brings together an international team of authors to shed new light on Uniformitarianism in historical linguistics. Applying the Uniformitarian Principle to creole and pidgin languages, as well as other languages, the chapters show that, contrary to the received doctrine, the former group of languages did not emerge in an exceptional way. Covering a typologically and geographically broad range of languages, and focusing on different contact ecologies in Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean, the book also dispels common misconceptions about what Uniformitarianism is. It shows how similar processes in different ecosystems result in different linguistic patterns, which don't require exceptional linguistic explanations in terms of creolization, pidginization, simplification, or incomplete acquisition.
For centuries, Western scholars portrayed China either as a land of superior morality, economy, and governance or as a formidable country of pagans posing a global threat to Western values. Idealized images of China were used to shame rulers for incompetence, while China was demonized as an external threat to cover domestic political failures. In the twentieth century, the geopolitics of global capitalism have facilitated more nuanced perspectives, but the diversifying of knowledge about China is far from complete. In this thought-provoking study, Ho-fung Hung finds that both Western elites and China's authoritarian regime today continue to promote many orientalist stereotypes to advance their economic interests and political projects. He shows how big-picture historical, social and economic changes are inextricably linked to fluctuations in the realm of ideas. Only open debate can overcome the extremes of fantasy and fear.
How do we fit the Roman Empire into world history? Too often the empire has simply been conceived of in terms of the West. But Rome was too big to be squeezed into a purely European model; her empire bestrode three continents. Peter Fibiger Bang develops a radical new world history framework for the Roman Empire, presenting it as part of an Afro-Eurasian arena of grand empires that dominated the shape of history before the forces of globalization and industrialization made the world centre on Europe from the eighteenth century onwards. It was a world before East and West. The book traces surprising cultural connections and societal similarities between Rome and the other vast empires of Afro-Eurasia. Whether we look at war-making, slavery, empire formation, literary culture or intercontinental trade and rebellion, Rome is best approached in its Afro-Eurasian context.
The Minimalist Program is a long-established branch of Chomsky's Generative approach to linguistics, which, since its first incarnation in the early 1990s, has become one of the most prominent frameworks for syntax. Bringing together a team of world-renowned scholars, this Handbook provides a comprehensive guide to current developments in generative syntactic theory. Split into five thematic parts, the chapters cover the historical context and foundations of the program, overviews of the major areas of research within modern syntactic theory, and a survey of the variety of phenomena dealt with within Minimalism through a focus on concepts, primitives, and operations. It offers in-depth perspectives on the core concepts and operations in the Minimalist Program for readers who are not already familiar with it, as well as a complete overview of the state-of-the-art in the field, making it essential reading for both scholars and students in the field.
The burgeoning field of differential equations on graphs has experienced significant growth in the past decade, propelled by the use of variational methods in imaging and by its applications in machine learning. This text provides a detailed overview of the subject, serving as a reference for researchers and as an introduction for graduate students wishing to get up to speed. The authors look through the lens of variational calculus and differential equations, with a particular focus on graph-Laplacian-based models and the graph Ginzburg-Landau functional. They explore the diverse applications, numerical challenges, and theoretical foundations of these models. A meticulously curated bibliography comprising approximately 800 references helps to contextualise this work within the broader academic landscape. While primarily a review, this text also incorporates some original research, extending or refining existing results and methods.
In one of the first energy histories of Southeast Asia, Thuy Linh Nguyen explores the environmental, economic and social history of large-scale coal mining in French colonial Vietnam. Focusing on the Quảng Yên coal basin in northern Vietnam, known for its world's largest anthracite coal mines, this deeply researched study demonstrates how mining came to dominate the landscape, restructuring the region's environment and upending local communities. Nguyen pays particular attention to the role of various non-state local actors, often underrepresented in grand narratives of modern Vietnam, including Vietnamese and Chinese migrant mine workers, timber traders, loggers and local ethnic minorities. Breaking away from the metropole-colony paradigm, Nguyen offers a new lens through which to explore the dynamics of colonial rule and the importance of inter-Asian networks, arguing that the colonial energy regime must be understood as a complex, multi-layered interaction between empire, capital, labour, water, sea, land and timber forests.
China's approach to digital governance has gained global influence, often evoking Orwellian 'Big Brother' comparisons. Governing Digital China challenges this perception, arguing that China's approach is radically different in practice. This book explores the logic of popular corporatism, highlighting the bottom-up influences of China's largest platform firms and its citizens. Drawing on extensive fieldwork and nationally representative surveys, the authors track governance of social media and commercial social credit ratings during both the Hu Jintao and Xi Jinping eras. Their findings reveal how Chinese tech companies such as Tencent, Sina, Baidu, and Alibaba, have become consultants and insiders to the state, thus forming a state-company partnership. Meanwhile, citizens voluntarily produce data, incentivizing platform firms to cater to their needs and motivating resistance by platforms. Daniela Stockmann and Ting Luo unveil the intricate mechanisms linking the state, platform firms, and citizens in the digital governance of authoritarian states.