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Mature tubers of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) confer flooding tolerance by adopting a low-oxygen quiescence strategy that may contribute to its emergence in rice fields

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 October 2024

Shan-Chi Yi ,
Chen-Yang Wei ,
Yao Tong ,
Lin Xu ,
Dan-Li Fan ,
Shi-Xian Yu ,
Shu-Yu Liu ,
Ren-Hai Wu ,
Xiao-Liang Liu  and
Wen-Wei Tang Open the ORCID record for Wen-Wei Tang [Opens in a new window]
Shan-Chi Yi
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
Chen-Yang Wei
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
Yao Tong
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
Lin Xu
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
Dan-Li Fan
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
Shi-Xian Yu
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
Shu-Yu Liu
Affiliation:
Graduate Student, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
Ren-Hai Wu
Affiliation:
Doctoral Researcher, Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
Xiao-Liang Liu
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
Wen-Wei Tang*
Affiliation:
Professor, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
*
Corresponding author: Wen-Wei Tang; Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is one of the world’s resilient upland weeds, primarily spreading through its tubers. Its emergence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields has been increasing, likely due to changing paddy-farming practices. This study aimed to investigate how C. rotundus, an upland weed, can withstand soil flooding and become a problematic weed in rice fields. The first comparative analysis focused on the survival and recovery characteristics of growing and mature tubers of C. rotundus exposed to soil-flooding conditions. Notably, mature tubers exhibited significant survival and recovery abilities in these environments. Based on this observation, further investigation was carried out to explore the morphological structure, nonstructural carbohydrates, and respiratory mechanisms of mature tubers in response to prolonged soil flooding. Over time, the mature tubers did not form aerenchyma but instead gradually accumulated lignified sclerenchymal fibers, with lignin content also increasing. After 90 d, the lignified sclerenchymal fibers and lignin contents were 4.0 and 1.1 times higher than those in the no soil-flooding treatment. Concurrently, soluble sugar content decreased while starch content increased, providing energy storage, and alcohol dehydrogenase activity rose to support anaerobic respiration via alcohol fermentation. These results indicated that mature tubers survived in soil-flooding conditions by adopting a low-oxygen quiescence strategy, which involves morphological adaptations through the development of lignified sclerenchymal fibers, increased starch reserves for energy storage, and enhanced anaerobic respiration. This mechanism likely underpins the flooding tolerance of mature C. rotundus tubers, allowing them to endure unfavorable conditions and subsequently germinate and grow once flooding subsides. This study provides a preliminary explanation of the mechanism by which mature tubers of C. rotundus from the upland areas confer flooding tolerance, shedding light on the reasons behind this weed’s increasing presence in rice fields.

Keywords

Rice field weedssoil floodingtuber adaptation
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 72 , Issue 6 , November 2024 , pp. 761 - 773
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Weed Science Society of America

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