We introduce a class of inverse semigroups of injective transformations and our main result concerns isomorphisms between two such semigroups. This result is then applied to semigroups of homeomorphisms between closed subsets of a T1 topological space, semigroups of homeomorphisms between compact subsets of k-spaces and semigroups of isomorphisms between subsemilattices of semilattices. In the first two cases it is shown that the two inverse semigroups under consideration are isomorphic if and only if the corresponding topological spaces are homeomorphic. In the latter case, the two inverse semigroups are isomorphic if and only if the semilattices are either isomorphic or are dual isomorphic infinite chains.

In this article a completion process for promonoidal categories is used to determine a sufficient condition for the existence of a promonoidal convolution structure on the category of functors between two promonoidal categories. This, in turn, leads to a partial closed structure on the 2-category of promonoidal categories, promonoidal functors, and promonoidal natural transformations.

Cordes (1976) introduced the problem of determining the maximum number of resolution classes of a finite set partitioned into equicardinal subsets such that the number of pairs common to any 2 classes is minimized. A later paper of Mullin and Stanton (1976) investigated those conditions under which the configurations were actually BIBD's. They obtained a bound for these special configurations and conjectured it applied in general. We prove this in the present paper. A recursive and a direct construction are also given for a special class of configurations.

There have been investigations (Janko (1966), Janko and Thompson (1966), Yamaki (1972)) of finite groups G which contain a central involution t whose centralizer (in G) has the form C(t) = 〈t〉 × F, where F is isomorphic to a non-abelian simple group. Here it is shown such a group cannot be simple when F is isomorphic to an exceptional Lie type simple group of odd characteristic. Specifically the following theorem is proved.

Let G be a transitive permutation group on a finite set of n points, and let P be a Sylow p-subgroup of G for some prime p dividing |G|. We are concerned with finding a bound for the number f of points of the set fixed by P. Of all the orbits of P of length greater than one, suppose that the ones of minimal length have length q, and suppose that there are k orbits of P of length q. We show that f ≦ kp − ip(n), where ip(n) is the integer satisfying 1 ≦ ip(n) ≦ p and n + ip(n) ≡ 0(mod p). This is a generalisation of a bound found by Marcel Herzog and the author, and this new bound is better whenever P has an orbit of length greater than the minimal length q.

This paper is the result of our attempt to carry over the method of our characterization of the linear groups PSL(n, q) (Phan (1972)) to that of the unitary groups PSU (n, q). It appears desirable to have available a result on the generation of the unitary groups more closely related to the splitting of the underlying hermitian spaces of these groups into orthogonal direct sum of anisotropic lines. Another motivation comes also from our work on the unitary groups in which we obtained a fusion pattern different from that of the unitary group when the dimension of the underlying space is eight. This fusion pattern produces a group whose structure is not immediately apparent. In order to identify this group, the result of this paper appears to be a necessary step.

In the present paper we prove that every finite dimensional non-atomic measure ν is open and monotone (viz. ν–1 preserves connected sets) relative to the usual Fréchet-Nikodým topology on its domain and the relative topology on its range. An arbitrary finite dimensional measure is found on the other hand to be biquotient.

Given a vector measure ν, we further investigate the properties of its integral map Tν: φ → ∫ φdν defined on the set of functions φ in L1(|ν|) for which φ(s) ∈ [0,1] |ν|-almost everywhere. When ν is finite dimensional, Tν is found to be always open. In general, when Tν is open, the set of extreme points of the closed convex hull of the range of ν is proved to be closed, and when ν and Tν are both open, the range of ν in itself is closed.

A doubly transitive permutation group of degree p2 + 1, p a prime, is proved to be doubly primitive for p ≠ 2. We also show that if such a group is not triply transitive then either it is a normal extension of P S L (2, p2) or the stabilizer of a point is a rank 3 group.

Hattori (1960) defined a right R-module A to be torsion-free if for all a ∈ A and x ∈ R, ax = 0 implies that there exist elements {x1, x2, …, xn} ⊆ R with xix = 0 for all 1 ≦ i ≦ n and {a1, a2, …, an} ⊆ A such that a = aixi. Left torsion-free is defined similarly. It is shown that for a ring R, these torsion-free modules are the torsion-free class of a hereditary torsion theory, corresponding to a perfect topology, if and only if the left flat epimorphic hull of R is a regular ring which is both left and right torsion-free. A class of right semi-hereditary rings for which the torsion-free modules of Hattori satisfy the above property are found and this class of rings is discussed.

Riesz polynomials are employed to give a sufficient condition for a non-abelian compact group G to have an infinite uniformly approximable Sidon set. This condition is satisfied if G admits infinitely many pairwise inequivalent continuous irreducible unitary representations of the same degree. Consequently a compact Lie group admits an infinite Sidon set if and only if it is not semi-simple.

It is proved that R is a near-ring with identity in which every element is a power of itself if and only if it is isomorphic with a near-ring of sections of a sheaf of near-fields in which every element is a power of itself. We also obtain that the Boolean spectrum is homeomorphic with the space of all completely prime ideals of R with the Zariski topology.

By a variety of topological algebras we mean a class V of topological algebras of a fixed type closed under the formation of subalgebras, products and quotients (i.e. images under continuous homomorphisms yielding the quotient topology). In symbols, V = SV = PV = QV. if V is also closed under the formation of arbitrary continuous homomorphic images, then V is a wide variety. variety. As an example we have the full variety V = Modr (Σ), the class of all topological algebras of a fixed type τ obeying a fixed set Σ of algebraic identities. But not every wide variety is full, e.g. the class of all indiscrete topological algebras of a fixed type; in fact, as Morris observed (1970b), there exists a proper class of varieties of topological groups.

The essential cover Mk of a class M is defined as the class of all essential extensions of rings belonging to M. M is called essentially closed if Mk = M. Every class M has a unique essential closure, i.e. a smallest essentially closed class containing M.

Let M be a hereditary class of (semi)prime rings. Then M is proved to be a (weakly) special class if and only if M is essentially closed. A main result is that Mk is the smallest (weakly) special class containing M. Further it is shown that the upper radical UM determined by M, is hereditary if and only if UM has the intersection property with respect to Mk.

In this paper, several characterizations of minimal Hausdorff spaces are given.

Let S be a locally compact semigroup and M(S) its measure algebra. It is shown that the dual M(S)* is isometrically order isomorphic to the space GL(S) of all generalised functions on S first introduced by Šreǐder (1950). Moreover, convolutions of elements in each of the spaces M(S)* and GL(S) can be defined in such a way that the above isomorphism preserves convolutions. These results on representation of functionals in M(S)* by generalised functions practically open up a new chapter in abstract harmonic analysis. As an example, some applications to invariant means on locally compact semigroups are given.

We construct an associative tensor product for 2-distributors by means of cartesian coends and we prove the usual adjointness property for a suitable Hom.

Given a symmetric balanced incomplete block design or a finite plane, we recursively construct balanced incomplete block designs by taking unions of certain blocks and points of the original design to be the blocks of the new design.

Throughout this paper an l-group will always mean an archimedean lattice-ordered group and we shall confine our attention to such groups. An l-group splits if it is a cardinal summand of each l-group that contains it as an l-ideal. Suppose that G is an l-subgroup of an l-group H. Then G is large in H or H is an essential extension of G if for each l-ideal L≠0 of H, L∩G≠0. G is essentially closed if it does not admit any proper essential extension. Conrad (1971) proved that each essentially closed l-group splits, but not conversely.

A new basis for discrete analytic polynomials is presented for which the series converges absolutely to a discrete analytic function in the upper right quarter lattice whenever

Let X be a finite set and S a semigroup of transformations of X. We investigate the trace on X of a random walk on S. We relate the structure of the trace process, which turns out to be a Markov chain, to that of the random walk. We show, for example, that all periods of the trace process divide the period of the random walk.