This book is, as I began by saying, a resource. It brings together and connects you to different ideas, scholars, and literatures that have something to say about the relationship between science, technology, and society. My aim was to collate, synthesise, and summarise, doing as much justice as possible to the complexities of the diverse spaces we have encountered while still capturing their range and sweep. I hope that you can use it as a starting point for engaging further with the debates and moments that most interest you.

While I want this book to be a resource, a set of tools for living in technoscientific societies, I have chosen not to give instructions or directions. It contains few practical tips and no lists of how to navigate the contemporary world. The resources I offer are concepts and ideas that help us think about technoscience and society, rather than concrete suggestions as to how to act on them.

In part this is because there are no easy instructions for responding to a view of the world in which technoscience is always social, and society is shaped by technoscience. This view may change our imaginations, the ways in which we think about the role and place of science in society, but given the diversity of the kinds of interactions and mutual shapings that we have encountered it is clear that there can be no single account of how to navigate these. Indeed, many of the spaces and debates I have described demand individual judgements and choices. I cannot tell you how to act in response to arguments for the need to decolonise the university, acknowledge epistemic diversity, properly engage with the emergence of public concerns about technoscience, or view expertise as flexible rather than static (for instance). These discussions require personal responses that may, however, lead to collective action (as in the case of the radical science movement, citizen activism around environmental harm, or efforts to ensure responsible technology development).

At the same time it seems too lazy to leave you without any concluding thoughts or suggestions. I want to offer three ideas that, to me, offer a summary of the resources – the tools to think technoscience in society with – that are outlined in this book.