Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-669899f699-ggqkh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-28T23:34:46.343Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

8 - Macaca fascicularis in Mauritius: Implications for macaque–human interactions and for future research on long-tailed macaques

from Part III - Ethnophoresy of long-tailed macaques

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 May 2011

Agustín Fuentes
By
Robert W. Sussman ,
Christopher A. Shaffer  and
Lisa Guidi
Edited by
Michael D. Gumert  and
Lisa Jones-Engel
Agustín Fuentes
Affiliation:
University of Notre Dame, Indiana
Robert W. Sussman
Affiliation:
Washington University, USA
Christopher A. Shaffer
Affiliation:
Washington University, USA
Lisa Guidi
Affiliation:
Washington University, USA
Michael D. Gumert
Affiliation:
Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Lisa Jones-Engel
Affiliation:
University of Washington
Get access

Summary

Introduction

Macaca fascicularis is an extremely adaptable species that is found throughout the continental and insular Southeast Asia (Gumert, Chapter 1). In the sixteenth century, long-tailed macaques were introduced by Portuguese or Dutch sailors from Sumatra or Java into Mauritius where they have readily adapted to flora entirely different from that of Asia (Sussman and Tatterall, 1986; Cheke, 1987; Kondo et al., 1993; Tosi and Coke, 2007; Blancher et al., 2008).

Throughout their range, long-tailed macaques inhabit dense primary canopy forest, riverine and coastal forest, mangrove and nipa swamp, as well as secondary forest, and disturbed habitats (Medway, 1970; Southwick and Cadigan, 1972; Kurland, 1973; Rijksen, 1978; Rodman, 1978a; Fittinghoff and Lindburgh; 1980; Wheatley, 1980; Crockett and Wilson, 1980; Fooden, 1995; van Schaik et al., 1996; Fuentes et al., 2005; Ong and Richerson, 2008). They are found from sea level to 2000m (Rowe, 1996; Supriatna et al., 1996), and are “adaptable opportunists” (MacKinnon and MacKinnon, 1980). For example, Crockett and Wilson (1980) found M. fascicularis in 22 of 25 habitat types surveyed in Sumatra, in contrast to eight of 25 exploited by M. nemestrina.

Long-tailed macaques also are commonly found in habitats disturbed by humans, including urban and agricultural settings. In an early report, Medway (1970) observed that, of all southeast Asian primates, long-tailed macaques consistently and easily utilize secondary forest. Even within their riverine habitat, they seek out naturally disturbed areas. One can expect to see many groups around villages, cultivated fields, and along rivers.

Type
Chapter
Information
Monkeys on the Edge
Ecology and Management of Long-Tailed Macaques and their Interface with Humans
 , pp. 207 - 235
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Aldrich-Blake, F. P. G. 1980. Long tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). In Malayan Forest Primates: Ten Years's Study in Tropical Rain Forest. Chivers, D. J. (ed.). New York: Plenum Press. pp. 147–166.Google Scholar
Ashmore-DeClue, P. C. 1992. Macaques: An adaptive array (a summary and synthesis of the literature on the genus macaca from an ecological perspective. Ph.D. thesis, Washington University, St. Louis, MO.
Berenstein, L. 1986. Responses of long-tailed macaques to drought and fire in Eastern Borneo: A preliminary report. Biotropica 18: 257–262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernstein, I. S. 1968. Social status of two hybrids in a wild troop of Macaca irus. Folia Primatol. 8: 121–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bertram, B. and Ginsburg, J. 1994. Monkeys in Mauritius: potential for humane control. Report to the Zoological Society of London commissioned by the RSPCA.
Blancher, A., Bonhomme, M., Crouau-Roy, B., Terao, K., Kitano, T., and Saitou, N. 2008. Mitochondrial DNA sequence phylogeny of 4 populations of the widely distributed cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis fascicularis). Journal of Heredity 99: 254–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bunbury, N., Barton, E., Jones, C. G.., Greenwood, A. G., Tyler, K. M., and Bell, D. J. 2007. Avian blood parasites in an endangered columbid: Leucocytozoon marchouxi in the Mauritian Pink Pigeon Columba mayeri. Parasitology 134: 797–804.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bunbury, N., Jones, C. G., Greenwood, A. G., and Bell, D. J. 2008a. Epidemiology and conservation implications of Trichomonas gallinae infections in the endangered Mauritian pink pigeon. Biological Conservation 141: 153–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bunbury, N., Stidworthy, M., Greenwood, A., et al. 2008b. Causes of mortality in free-living Mauritian pink pigeons Columba mayeri, 2002–2006. Endangered Species Research 9: 213–220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carié, P. 1916. L'acclimatation a l'ile Maurice. Premiere partie. Mammiferes et Oiseaux de Maurice. Bulletin de la Societe Nationale D'Acclimatation de France. Maretheaux, Paris.Google Scholar
Carter, S. P. and Bright, P. W. 2002. Habitat refuges as alternatives to predator control for the conservation of endangered Mauritian birds. In Turning the Tide: The Eradication of Invasive Species, Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N. (eds.) Switzerland: IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. pp. 71–18.Google Scholar
Cheke, A. S. 1987. An ecological history of the Mascarene Islands with particular reference to extinctions and introductions of land vertebrates. In Studies of Mascarene Island Birds. Diamond, A.W. (ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 5–89.Google Scholar
Crockett, C. M. and Wilson, W. L. 1980. The ecological separation of M. nemestrina and M. fascicularis in Sumatra. In The Macaques: Studies in Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, Lindburgh, D. G. (ed.). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. pp. 148–181.Google Scholar
Ruiter, J. R. and Geffen, E. 1998. Relatedness of matrilines, dispersing males and social groups in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Proceedings.Biologial Sciences/The Royal Society 265: 79–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Durrell, G. 1977. Golden Bats and Pink Pigeons. New York: Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar
Fady, J. C. 1969. Les jeux sociaux: Le compagnon de juex chez les jeunes. Observations chez Macaca irus. Folia Primatologica 11: 134–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fittinghoff, N. A. and Lindburgh, D. G. 1980. Riverine refuging in East Bornean M. fascicularis. In The Macaques: Studies in Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, Lindburgh, D. G. (ed.). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. pp 182–214.Google Scholar
Fooden, J. 1995. Systematic review of Southeast Asian longtail macaques. Fieldiana (Zoologica) 81: 1–206.Google Scholar
Fuentes, A., Southern, M., and Suaryana, K. 2005. Monkey forests and human landscapes: Is extensive sympatry sustainable for Homo sapiens and Macaca fascicularis on Bali. In: Commensalism and Conflict: The Primate–Human Interface. Patterson, J. and Wallis, J. (eds.). Norman, OK: The American Society of Primatoligists Publications. pp. 168–195.Google Scholar
Furuya, Y. 1965. Social organization of crab-eating macaques. Primates 6: 285–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
,Global Invasive Species Data Base. 2007. issg database: Ecology of Macaca fascicularis. Available at www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si.
Gleadow, F. 1904. Report on the forests of Mauritius with a preliminary working plan. Port Louis, Mauritius: Government Printer.
Guidi, L. M. and Sussman, R. W. 2009. Survey and recensus of the long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) of Maurtius. Paper delivered at the Midwest Primate Interest Group Annual Meeting, October 2009.
Hamilton, W. J. III, and Watt, K. E. F. 1970. Refuging. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 1: 263–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hart, D. and Sussman, R. W. 2009. Man the Hunted: Primates, Predators, and Human Evolution (expanded edn.). Boulder, CO:Westview.Google Scholar
Jamieson, R. W. 1998. The effects of seasonal variation in fruit availability on social and foraging behavior of macaca fascicularis in Mauritius. Ph.D. thesis, Washington University, St. Louis, MO.
Jones, C. G. and Owadally, A. W. 1988. The life histories and conservation of the Mauritius Kestrel Falco purictatus, Pink Pigeon Colomba mayeri and Echo Parakeet Psittacula eques. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences of Mauritius 5: 80–131.Google Scholar
Khan, M. A. R. and Wahab, M. A. 1983. Study of eco-ethology Of The crab-eating macaque, Macaca fascicularis, in Bangladesh. Journal of the Asiatic Society Bangladesh 9: 101–109.Google Scholar
Kondo, M., Kawamoto, Y., Nozawa, K., et al. 1993. Population genetics of crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis) on the island of Mauritius. American Journal of Primatology 29: 167–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koyama, N., Asnan, A., and Natsir, N. 1981. Socio-ecological study of the crab-eating monkeys in Indonesia. Kyoto University Overseas Research Report of Studies on Indonesian Macaque. I. Kyoto University Primate Institute, pp. 1–10.Google Scholar
Koyama, N. 1984. Socio-ecological study of the crab-eating monkeys at Gunung Meru, Indonesia. Kyoto University Overseas Research Report of Studies on Asian Non-human Primates. 3:17–36.Google Scholar
Kurland, J. A. 1973. A natural history of Kra macaques (Macaca fascicularis, Raffles, 1821) at the Kutai Reserve, Kalimantan, Timur, Indonesia. Primates 14: 245–262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawler, S. H., Sussman, R. W., and Taylor, L. L. 1995. Mitochondrial DNA of Mauritian Macaques (Macaca fascicularis): An example of the founder effect. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 96: 113–141.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roux, J. J. 2005. Soil erosion prediction under changing land use on Mauritius. Master of Science (Geography). University of Pretoria, Pretoria.
Lorence, D. H., and Sussman, R. W. 1986. Exotic species invasion into Mauritius wet forest remnants. Journal of Tropical Ecology 2: 147–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lucas, P. W. and Corlett, R. T. 1991. Relationship between the diet of Macaca fascicularis and forest phenology. Folia Primatologica 57: 201–215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lutz, W. and Holm, E. 1993. Mauritius: population and land use. In Population and Land Use in Developing Countries: Report of a Workshop. National Research Council, Washington, DC, National Academy Press. pp. 98–105.Google Scholar
MacKinnon, J. R. and MacKinnon, K. S. 1980. Niche differentiation in a primate community. In Malayan Forest Primates, Chivers, D. J. (ed.). New York:Plenum Press. pp. 167–189.Google Scholar
Matsubayashi, K., Gotoh, S., Kawamoto, Y., et al. 1992. Clinical examinations on crab-eating macaques in Mauritius. Primates 33: 281–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Medway, Lord. 1970. The monkeys of Sundaland. In Old World Moneys: Evolution, Systematics and Behavior. Napier, J. R. and Napier, P. H. (eds.), New York: Academic Press. pp. 513–553.Google Scholar
Ong, P. and Richardson, M. 2008. Macaca fascicularis ssp. fascicularis. IUCN 2009. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.1. www.iucnredlist.org.Google Scholar
Owadally, A. W. 1980. Some forests pests and disease in Mauritius. Revue d'agriculture sucerie de l'ile Maurice 59: 76–10Google Scholar
Pappiah, H. 2001. Forestry outlook studies in Africa. Mauritius: Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism.
Poirier, F. E. and Smith, E. O. 1974. The crab-eating macaques of Anguar island, Paulau, Micronesia. Folia Primatologica 22: 258–306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richard, A. F., Goldstein, S. J., and DeWar, R. E. 1989. Weed macaques: the evolutionary implications of macaque feeding ecology. Intlernational Journal of Primatology 10: 569–594.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rijksen, H. D. 1978. A Field Study on Sumatran Orang utans (Pongo pygmaeus abelli Lesson 1827). Wageningen, The Netherlands: Beenman and Zonen.Google Scholar
Rodman, P.S. 1973. Synecology of Bornean Primates, I. A Test forInterspecific Interactions in Spatial Distribution of Five Species. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 38: 655–659.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rodman, P.S. 1978a. Diets, densities, and distributions of Bornean primates. In The Ecology of Arboreal Folivores. Montgormery, G. G. (ed.). Washington DC: Smithsonian Institute Press. pp. 465–478.Google Scholar
Rodman, P.S. 1978b. Food distribution and terrestrial locomotion of crab-eating and pig-tailed macaques in the wild. (Abstract)American Journal of Physical Anthropology 47: 157.Google Scholar
Rodman, P.S. 1991. Structural differentiation of microhabitats of sympatric Macaca fascicularis and Macaca nemestrina in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. International Journal of Primatology 12: 357–375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowe, N. 1996. The Pictorial Guide to the Living Primates. Hampton, NY: East Pogonias Press.Google Scholar
Safford, R. J. 1997. A survey of the occurance of native vegetation remnants on Mauritius in 1993. Biological Conservation 80: 181–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Southwick, C. H., and Cadigan, F. C. 1972. Populations studies of Malaysian primates. Primates 13: 1–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spencer, C. 1975. Interband relations, leadership behavior and the initiation of human-oriented behavior in bands of semi-wild free-ranging Macaca fascicularis. Malaysian Nature Journal 29: 83–89.Google Scholar
Son, V. D. 2003. Diet of Macaca fasicularis in a mangrove forest. Vietnam Laboratory Primate News 42: 1–5.Google Scholar
Son, V. D. 2004. Time budgets of Macaca fascicularis in a mangrove forest. Vietnam Laboratory Primate News 43: 1–4.Google Scholar
Stewart, A.-M. E., Gordon, C. H., Wich, S. A., Schroor, P., and Meijaard, E. 2008. Fishing in Macaca fascicularis: A rarely observed innovative behavior. International Journal of Primatology 29: 543–548.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supriatna, J., Yanuar, A., Martarinza, , et al. 1996. A preliminary survey of long-tailed and pig-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis and Macaca nemestrina) in Lampung, Bengkulu, and Jambi provinces, southern Sumatera, Indonesia. Tropical Biodiversity 3: 131–140.Google Scholar
Sussman, R. W. 1987. Species-specific dietary patterns in primates and human dietary adaptations. In The Evolution of Human Behavior: Primate Models. Kinzey, W. G. (ed.), New York, SUNY Press. pp. 151–179.Google Scholar
Sussman, R. W. and Tattersall, I. 1981. Behavior and ecology of Macaca fascicularis in Mauritius: A preliminary study. Primates 22: 192–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sussman, RW, and Tattersall, I. 1986. Distribution, abundance, and putative ecological strategy of Macaca fascicularis on the island of Mauritius, southwestern Indian Ocean. Folia Primatologica 64: 28–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swinnerton, K. J. 2001. Ecology and conservation of the pink pigeon Columba mayeri on Mauritius. Dodo 37: 99.Google Scholar
Swinnerton, K. J., Groombridge, J. J, Jones, C. G., Burn, R. W., and Mungroo, Y. 2004. Inbreeding depression and founder diversity among captive and free-living populations of the endangered pink pigeon Columba mayeri. Animal Conservation 7: 353–364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swinnerton, K. J., Greenwood, A. G., Chapman, R. E., and Jones, C. G. 2005. The incidence of the parasitic disease trichomoniasis and its treatment in reintroduced and wild Pink Pigeons Columba mayeri. Ibis 147: 772–782.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thirlray, H. 2008. US and UK primate imports. IPPL News 35: 17.Google Scholar
Thirlray, H. 2009. US and UK primate imports. IPPL News 36: 14–16.Google Scholar
Tosi, A. J. and Coke, C. S. 2007. Comparative phylogenetics offer new insights into the biogeographic history of Macaca fascicularis and the origin of the Mauritian macaques. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 42: 498–504.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Noordwijk, M. A., and Schaik, C. P. 2001. Career moves: Transfer and rank challenge decisions by male long-tailed macaques. Behaviour 138: 359–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaik, C. P., Noordwijk, M. A., Boer, R. J., and Tonkelaar, I.. 1983. The effect of group size on time budgets and social behaviour in wild long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 13: 173–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaik, C. P., and Noordwijk, M. A. van. 1985. Evolutionary effect of the absence of felids on the social organization of the macaques on the island of Simeulue (Macaca fascicularis fusca) (Miller, 1903). Folia Primatologica 44: 138–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaik, C. P., and Noordwijk, M. A. van,. 1986. The hidden costs of sociality: intra-group variation in feeding strategies in sumatran long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Behaviour 99: 296–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaik, C. P., and Noordwijk, M. A. van,. 1988. Scramble and contest in feeding competition among female long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Behaviour 105: 77–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaik, C.P., Amerongen, A., and Noordwijk, M.A. 1996. Riverine refuging by wild Sumatran long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). In Evolution and Ecology of Macaque Societies. Fa, J. E. and Lindburgh, D. G. (eds.) Cambridge University Press. pp. 160–181.Google Scholar
Vaughan, R. E. and Wiehe, P. O. 1937. Studies on the vegetation of Mauritius: A preliminary survey of the plant communities. Journal of Ecology 25: 289–343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wheatley, B. P. 1978. Foraging patterns in a group of long-tailed macaques in Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia. In Recent Advances in Primatology, vol 1: Behavior, Chivers, D. J. and Herbert, J. (eds.). New York: Academic Press. pp. 347–349.Google Scholar
Wheatley, B. P. 1980. Feeding and ranging of East Bornean Macaca fascicularis. In The Macaques: Studies in Ecology, Behavior and Evolution. Lindburgh, D. G. (ed.), New York: Van Norstrand. pp. 215–246.Google Scholar
Wheatley, B. P. 1982. Energetics of foraging in Macaca fascicularis and Ponao pvamaeus and a selective advantage of large body size in the orang-utan. Primates 23: 348–363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wheatley, B. P., Putra, D. K. H., and Gonder, M. K. 1996. A comparison of wild and food-enhanced long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). In Evolution and Ecology of Macaque Societies. Fa, J. E. and Lindburgh, D. G. (eds.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 182–206.Google Scholar
Yeager, C. P. 1996. Feeding ecology of the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) in Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia. International Journal of Primatology 17: 51–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×