Published online by Cambridge University Press: 17 April 2025
KuanDika insha huonekana kugumu sana kwa wanafunzi. Sababu ya kuwa hivi ni ukosefu wa mwongozo mwema na ujasiri ndipo wanafunzi wengi Waafrika wakashindwa kuandika insha. Mwongozo kama huo haukosi kuwako kwa lugha ya Kiingereza bali haujawako kwa Kiswahili. Kwa manzili haya pana udhuru wa kutosha wa haja ya kuwako maonyo ambayo yatasaidia wanafunzi ambao bado hawajaweza kushinda mashaka ya Kiingereza.
1. Kusudi la kuandika insha.
Kusudi la kuweka uandishi wa insha katika oradha ya mafundisho ya chuoni lina maana mbili:
(1) Kujua kama mwanafunzi aweza kuwaza kidogo tena aweza kujenga mawazo yake vema na (2) kujua kama aweza kusema mawazo yake kwa ufupi na kwa lugha iliyo wazi na nyepesi kufahamika vizuri na kila mtu.
Si faida kwa mtu yeyote kujua neno ila aweze kulieleza kwa wengine. Dhahabu haina maana ikiwa katika ardhi. Kusudi la insha ni kushawishi au kuongoza; kuzungumza au kustarehesha; au kuandika makala ya kupiga chapa na kadhalika, ili ile dhababu iliyo katika moyo wake mtu ipate kuonekana.
2. Elimu ya kuandika insha.
Twakumbushwa taaluma ya kuandika kwa shairi maarufu la Pope lisemalo:
“Urahisi hasa wa kuandika huja kwa bidii, si bahati;
Na wachezaji bora ngomani ni wale ambao wamejidhatiti.”
Hapana elimu ipatikanayo pasipo taaluma, tena hususan ile ya kuandika insha. Bila ya shaka taaluma ya kuandika insha hutaka bidii; nayo huchosha mara kwa mara. Lakini yampasa mwanafunzi kuandika insha kadhaa kabla ya kuweza kuandika kwa wepesi. Ufasaha wa kuandika haupatikani kwa kusoma tu. Hana budi kujaribu kuiga waandishi mbalimbali kwa kuandika insha. Kwa taaluma ya kuandika peke yake ndipo awezapo kujua jinsi ya kutangua maneno yaliyo hafifu au yasiyofaa. Hata mpango wa mambo mbalimbali ya insha hupatikana kwa taaluma ya daima. Kwa maneno mengine, insha ni taaluma kwa waandishi kama ilivyo taburu kwa askari. Lazima mtu aandike insha nyingi kabla ya kuwa mwandishi mwema.
3. Utunzi wa insha—
Kuna sehemu tatu za insha:—
(i) Utangulizi. (ii) Maelezo. (iii) Mwisho.
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