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Chapter 19 - Energy Access for Development

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 September 2012

Global Energy Assessment Writing Team
By
Shonali Pachauri ,
Abeeku Brew-Hammond ,
Douglas F. Barnes ,
Daniel H. Bouille ,
Stephen Gitonga ,
Vijay Modi ,
Gisela Prasad ,
Amitav Rath ,
Hisham Zerriffi  and
Touria Dafrallah
...Show all authors
Shonali Pachauri
Affiliation:
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
Abeeku Brew-Hammond
Affiliation:
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
Douglas F. Barnes
Affiliation:
Energy for Development
Daniel H. Bouille
Affiliation:
Bariloche Foundation
Stephen Gitonga
Affiliation:
United Nations Development Programme
Vijay Modi
Affiliation:
Columbia University
Gisela Prasad
Affiliation:
University of Cape Town
Amitav Rath
Affiliation:
Policy Research International Inc.
Hisham Zerriffi
Affiliation:
University of British Columbia
Touria Dafrallah
Affiliation:
Environment and Development Action in the Third World
Conrado Heruela
Affiliation:
United Nations Environment Programme
Francis Kemausuor
Affiliation:
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
Reza Kowsari
Affiliation:
University of British Columbia
Yu Nagai
Affiliation:
Vienna University of Technology
Kamal Rijal
Affiliation:
United Nations Development Programme
Minoru Takada
Affiliation:
United Nations Development Programme
Njeri Wamukonya
Affiliation:
formerly United Nations Environment Programme
Jayant Sathaye
Affiliation:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
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Summary

Executive Summary

Key Challenges

  • A quarter of humanity today lives without access to any electricity and almost one-half still depends on solid fuels such as unprocessed biomass, coal, or charcoal for its thermal needs. These people continue to suffer a multitude of impacts detrimental to their welfare. Most live in rural villages and urban slums in developing nations. Access to affordable modern energy carriers is a necessary, but insufficient step toward alleviating poverty and enabling the expansion of local economies.

  • Even among populations with physical access to electricity and modern fuels, a lack of affordability and reliable supplies limits the extent to which a transition to using these can occur. Those who can afford the improved energy carriers may still not be able to afford the upfront costs of connections or the conversion technology or equipment that makes that energy useful.

  • Beyond the obvious uses of energy for lighting, cooking, heating, and basic home appliances, uses for purposes that might bring economic development to an area are slow to emerge without institutional mechanisms in place that are conducive to fostering entrepreneurial activity and uses of energy for activities that can generate income. Without the expansion of energy uses to activities that generate income, the economic returns to energy providers are likely to remain unattractive in poor and dispersed rural markets.

  • Significant success has been achieved with small pilot projects to improve energy access in some rural areas and among poor communities in urban areas. But subsequently, less thought is focused on how to scale-up from these small pilot and demonstration projects to market development and meeting the needs of the larger population.

Type
Chapter
Information
Global Energy Assessment
Toward a Sustainable Future
 , pp. 1401 - 1458
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2012

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