Appendices

George Tsebelis

Appendix I

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Responses	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
Albania	1998	2007	2	1	0.677	9
Albania	1998	2008		2	0.677	9
Albania	1998	2012		1	0.677	9
Argentina	1983	1994	3	2	1.277	7
Argentina	1983	1997		1	1.277	7
Armenia	1995	2005	In house	3	0.677	5
Australia	1901	1907	1	1	1.093	10
Australia	1901	1910		1	1.093	10
Australia	1901	1929		1	1.093	10
Australia	1901	1942		3	1.093	10
Australia	1901	1946		3	1.093	10
Australia	1901	1967		1	1.093	10
Australia	1901	1977		1	1.093	10
Australia	1901	1985		1	1.093	10
Austria	1945	1946	2	1	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1948		1	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1954		No amendment	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1955		1	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1956		1	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1958		1	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1959		1	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1960		1	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1961		1	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1962		2	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1963		1	0.667	10

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
Austria	1945	1964	1	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1968	2	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1969	1	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1972	1	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1973	1	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1974	2	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1975	2	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1977	1	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1979	2	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1981	1	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1982	1	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1983	2	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1984	2	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1986	1	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1987	1	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1988	2	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1990	1	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1991	1	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1992	2	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1993	2	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1994	3	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1996	2	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1997	1	0.667	10
Austria	1945	1998	1	0.667	10

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Responses	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
Austria	1945	1999		1	0.667	10
Austria	1945	2000		1	0.667	10
Austria	1945	2001		1	0.667	10
Austria	1945	2002		1	0.667	10
Austria	1945	2003		1	0.667	10
Austria	1945	2004		1	0.667	10
Austria	1945	2005		2	0.667	10
Austria	1945	2007		2	0.667	10
Austria	1945	2008		1	0.667	10
Austria	1945	2009		1	0.667	10
Austria	1945	2010		1	0.667	10
Austria	1945	2011		1	0.667	10
Austria	1945	2012		2	0.667	10
Austria	1945	2013		1	0.667	10
Belgium	1831	1893	In house	3	0.707	6
Belgium	1831	1920		2	0.707	9
Belgium	1831	1921		3	0.707	9
Belgium	1831	1968		1	0.707	10
Belgium	1831	1969		1	0.707	10
Belgium	1831	1970		3	0.707	10
Belgium	1831	1971		1	0.707	10
Belgium	1831	1980		2	0.707	10
Belgium	1831	1981		2	0.707	10
Belgium	1831	1983		2	0.707	10
Belgium	1831	1984		1	0.707	10
Belgium	1831	1985		1	0.707	10
Belgium	1831	1988		2	0.707	10

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Responses	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
Belgium	1831	1989		1	0.707	10
Belgium	1831	1991		1	0.707	10
Belgium	1831	1993		3	0.707	10
Belgium	1831	1994		1	0.707	10
Belgium	1831	1996		1	0.707	10
Belgium	1831	1997		1	0.707	10
Belgium	1831	1998		1	0.707	10
Belgium	1831	1999		2	0.707	10
Belgium	1831	2000		1	0.707	10
Belgium	1831	2001		1	0.707	10
Belgium	1831	2002		1	0.707	10
Belgium	1831	2003		1	0.707	10
Belgium	1831	2004		1	0.707	10
Belgium	1831	2005		2	0.707	10
Belgium	1831	2007		1	0.707	8
Belgium	1831	2008		1	0.707	8
Belgium	1831	2012		1	0.707	8
Botswana	1966	1969	In house	2	0.667	6
Botswana	1966	1970		2	0.667	6
Botswana	1966	1972		1	0.667	6
Botswana	1966	1973		2	0.667	6
Botswana	1966	1978		1	0.667	6
Botswana	1966	1982		2	0.667	6
Botswana	1966	1983		1	0.667	6

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Responses	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
Botswana	1966	1987		2	0.667	7
Botswana	1966	1992		1	0.667	7
Botswana	1966	1993		1	0.667	7
Botswana	1966	1997		3	0.667	8
Botswana	1966	1999		2	0.667	8
Botswana	1966	2002		2	0.667	8
Botswana	1966	2005		2	0.667	8
Brazil	1988	1992	1	2	0.702	8
Brazil	1988	1993		2	0.702	8
Brazil	1988	1994		2	0.702	8
Brazil	1988	1995		1	0.702	8
Brazil	1988	1996		1	0.702	8
Brazil	1988	1997		2	0.702	8
Brazil	1988	1998		1	0.702	8
Brazil	1988	1999		2	0.702	8
Brazil	1988	2000		1	0.702	8
Brazil	1988	2001		2	0.702	8
Brazil	1988	2002		1	0.702	8
Brazil	1988	2003		1	0.702	8
Brazil	1988	2004		2	0.702	8
Brazil	1988	2005		1	0.702	8
Brazil	1988	2006		1	0.702	8
Brazil	1988	2007		1	0.702	8
Brazil	1988	2008		1	0.702	8
Brazil	1988	2009		1	0.702	8
Brazil	1988	2010		1	0.702	8
Brazil	1988	2011		1	0.702	8

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Responses	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
Brazil	1988	2012		1	0.702	8
Brazil	1988	2013		2	0.702	8
Bulgaria	1991	2003	2	1	0.77	9
Bulgaria	1991	2005		1	0.77	9
Bulgaria	1991	2006		3	0.77	9
Bulgaria	1991	2007		2	0.77	9
Canada	1867	1893	1	1	1.167	9
Canada	1867	1907		1	1.167	9
Canada	1867	1915		2	1.167	9
Canada	1867	1916		1	1.167	9
Canada	1867	1927		1	1.167	10
Canada	1867	1930		1	1.167	10
Canada	1867	1940		2	1.167	10
Canada	1867	1943		1	1.167	10
Canada	1867	1946		1	1.167	10
Canada	1867	1949		2	1.167	10
Canada	1867	1951		2	1.167	10
Canada	1867	1952		1	1.167	10
Canada	1867	1960		1	1.167	10
Canada	1867	1964		2	1.167	10
Canada	1867	1965		1	1.167	10
Canada	1867	1974		1	1.167	10
Canada	1867	1975		1	1.167	10
Canada	1867	1982		3	1.167	10

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Responses	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
Canada	1867	1983		1	1.167	10
Canada	1867	1986		1	1.167	10
Canada	1867	1987		1	1.167	10
Canada	1867	1992		1	1.167	10
Canada	1867	1993		1	1.167	10
Canada	1867	1997		1	1.167	10
Canada	1867	1998		1	1.167	10
Canada	1867	1999		2	1.167	10
Canada	1867	2001		1	1.167	10
Canada	1867	2011		1	1.167	10
Cape Verde	1992	1992	1	No amendment	0.667	8
Cape Verde	1992	1995		1	0.667	8
Cape Verde	1992	1999		2	0.667	8
Cape Verde	1992	2010		2	0.667	10
Chile	1980	1989	1	2	1.19	8
Chile	1980	1991		2	1.19	8
Chile	1980	1994		2	1.19	8
Chile	1980	1996		1	1.19	8
Chile	1980	1997		2	1.19	8
Chile	1980	1998		1	1.19	8
Chile	1980	1999		1	1.19	8
Chile	1980	2000		1	1.19	9
Chile	1980	2001		1	1.19	9
Chile	1980	2003		1	1.19	9
Chile	1980	2005		3	1.19	9
Chile	1980	2007		1	1.19	10
Chile	1980	2008		1	1.19	10

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Responses	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
Chile	1980	2009		2	1.19	10
Chile	1980	2011		1	1.19	10
Chile	1980	2012		1	1.19	10
Chile	1980	2013		1	1.19	10
Colombia	1991	1993	5	1	0.536	9
Colombia	1991	1995		1	0.536	7
Colombia	1991	1996		1	0.536	7
Colombia	1991	1997		1	0.536	7
Colombia	1991	1999		1	0.536	7
Colombia	1991	2000		1	0.536	7
Colombia	1991	2001		1	0.536	7
Colombia	1991	2002		2	0.536	7
Colombia	1991	2003		3	0.536	7
Colombia	1991	2004		2	0.536	7
Colombia	1991	2005		1	0.536	7
Colombia	1991	2007		1	0.536	7
Colombia	1991	2009		2	0.536	7
Colombia	1991	2011		3	0.536	7
Colombia	1991	2012		2	0.536	7
Colombia	1991	2013		1	0.536	7
Comoros	2001	2009	In house	3	1.333	9
Costa Rica	1949	1954	1	2	1.187	10
Costa Rica	1949	1956		2	1.187	10
Costa Rica	1949	1957		3	1.187	10

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
Costa Rica	1949	1958	1	1.187	10
Costa Rica	1949	1959	2	1.187	10
Costa Rica	1949	1961	2	1.187	10
Costa Rica	1949	1963	2	1.187	10
Costa Rica	1949	1965	2	1.187	10
Costa Rica	1949	1968	3	1.187	10
Costa Rica	1949	1969	3	1.187	10
Costa Rica	1949	1971	2	1.187	10
Costa Rica	1949	1972	2	1.187	10
Costa Rica	1949	1973	2	1.187	10
Costa Rica	1949	1975	3	1.187	10
Costa Rica	1949	1977	2	1.187	10
Costa Rica	1949	1981	2	1.187	10
Costa Rica	1949	1982	1	1.187	10
Costa Rica	1949	1984	1	1.187	10
Costa Rica	1949	1987	2	1.187	10
Costa Rica	1949	1989	3	1.187	10
Costa Rica	1949	1991	2	1.187	10
Costa Rica	1949	1993	2	1.187	10
Costa Rica	1949	1994	2	1.187	10
Costa Rica	1949	1995	2	1.187	10
Costa Rica	1949	1996	2	1.187	10
Costa Rica	1949	1997	2	1.187	10
Costa Rica	1949	1999	2	1.187	10
Costa Rica	1949	2000	2	1.187	10
Costa Rica	1949	2001	1	1.187	10
Costa Rica	1949	2002	3	1.187	10

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Responses	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
Costa Rica	1949	2003		2	1.187	10
Costa Rica	1949	2011		2	1.187	10
Croatia	1991	2000	In house	2	0.697	8
Croatia	1991	2001		2	0.697	8
Croatia	1991	2010		1	0.697	9
Cyprus	1960	1989	1	2	1.343	10
Cyprus	1960	1996		2	1.343	10
Cyprus	1960	2002		2	1.343	10
Cyprus	1960	2006		3	1.343	10
Cyprus	1960	2010		1	1.343	10
Cyprus	1960	2013		1	1.343	10
Czech Republic	1993	1998	In house	1	0.887	10
Czech Republic	1993	2000		1	0.887	10
Czech Republic	1993	2001		1	0.887	10
Czech Republic	1993	2002		3	0.887	10
Czech Republic	1993	2009		1	0.887	9
Czech Republic	1993	2012		2	0.887	9
Czech Republic	1993	2013		No amendment	0.887	9
Ecuador		2011	In house	2	1.18	5
El Salvador	1983	1991	1	1	0.677	7
El Salvador	1983	1992		1	0.677	7
El Salvador	1983	1993		1	0.677	7
El Salvador	1983	1994		1	0.677	7
El Salvador	1983	1996		1	0.677	7

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Responses	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
El Salvador	1983	1999		1	0.677	7
El Salvador	1983	2000		2	0.677	7
El Salvador	1983	2003		No amendment	0.677	7
El Salvador	1983	2009		1	0.677	8
Estonia	1992	2003	In house	3	1.11	9
Estonia	1992	2007		1	1.11	9
Estonia	1992	2011		1	1.11	9
Finland	1999	2007	1	1	1.157	10
Finland	1999	2011		1	1.157	10
France	1958	1960	In house	2	1.086	5
France	1958	1962		3	1.086	5
France	1958	1963		1	1.086	5
France	1958	1974		2	1.086	8
France	1958	1976		1	1.086	8
France	1958	1992		2	1.086	9
France	1958	1993		1	1.086	9
France	1958	1995		1	1.086	9
France	1958	1996		1	1.086	9
France	1958	1998		1	1.086	9
France	1958	1999		2	1.086	9
France	1958	2000		1	1.086	9
France	1958	2003		1	1.086	9
France	1958	2005		1	1.086	9
France	1958	2008		2	1.086	9
Georgia	1995	2000	In house	2	0.697	5
Georgia	1995	2001		3	0.697	5
Georgia	1995	2002		1	0.697	5

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Responses	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
Georgia	1995	2003		2	0.697	5
Georgia	1995	2004	1	3	0.697	7
Georgia	1995	2005		2	0.697	7
Georgia	1995	2006		1	0.697	7
Georgia	1995	2008		2	0.697	6
Georgia	1995	2009		3	0.697	6
Georgia	1995	2010		3	0.697	6
Georgia	1995	2011		2	0.697	6
Georgia	1995	2012		1	0.697	6
Georgia	1995	2013		2	0.697	7
Germany	1949	1951	1	1	0.864	10
Germany	1949	1952		1	0.864	10
Germany	1949	1953		1	0.864	10
Germany	1949	1954		2	0.864	10
Germany	1949	1955		2	0.864	10
Germany	1949	1956		2	0.864	10
Germany	1949	1957		1	0.864	10
Germany	1949	1959		1	0.864	10
Germany	1949	1961		1	0.864	10
Germany	1949	1965		1	0.864	10
Germany	1949	1967		1	0.864	10
Germany	1949	1968		2	0.864	10
Germany	1949	1969		1	0.864	10
Germany	1949	1970		1	0.864	10

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Responses	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
Germany	1949	1971		1	0.864	10
Germany	1949	1972		1	0.864	10
Germany	1949	1975		1	0.864	10
Germany	1949	1976		1	0.864	10
Germany	1949	1983		1	0.864	10
Germany	1949	1990		3	0.864	10
Germany	1949	1992		2	0.864	10
Germany	1949	1993		1	0.864	10
Germany	1949	1994		1	0.864	10
Germany	1949	1995		1	0.864	10
Germany	1949	1997		1	0.864	10
Germany	1949	1998		1	0.864	10
Germany	1949	2000		1	0.864	10
Germany	1949	2001		1	0.864	10
Germany	1949	2002		1	0.864	10
Germany	1949	2006		2	0.864	10
Germany	1949	2008		1	0.864	10
Germany	1949	2009		1	0.864	10
Germany	1949	2010		1	0.864	10
Germany	1949	2012		1	0.864	10
Greece	1975	1986	1	2	1.1	10
Greece	1975	2001		1	1.1	10
Greece	1975	2008		1	1.1	10
Guyana	1980	1992	In house	2	1	6
Guyana	1980	1995		2	1	6
Guyana	1980	2000		2	1	6
Guyana	1980	2001		2	1	6

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Responses	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
Guyana	1980	2003		3	1	6
Guyana	1980	2007		1	1	6
Honduras	1982	1984	In house	1	0.687	6
Honduras	1982	1986		2	0.687	5
Honduras	1982	1987		1	0.687	5
Honduras	1982	1988		1	0.687	5
Honduras	1982	1990		1	0.687	6
Honduras	1982	1991		1	0.687	6
Honduras	1982	1995		1	0.687	6
Honduras	1982	1996		1	0.687	6
Honduras	1982	1998		1	0.687	6
Honduras	1982	1999		1	0.687	7
Honduras	1982	2000		2	0.687	7
Honduras	1982	2001		1	0.687	7
Honduras	1982	2002		1	0.687	7
Honduras	1982	2003		2	0.687	7
Honduras	1982	2004		1	0.687	7
Honduras	1982	2005		1	0.687	7
Honduras	1982	2008		1	0.687	7
Honduras	1982	2011		1	0.687	7
Honduras	1982	2012		No amendment	0.687	7
Honduras	1982	2013		No amendment	0.687	7
Hungary	2011	2012	2	3	0.677	10
Hungary	2011	2013		3	0.677	10

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Responses	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
Iceland	1944	1959	1	1	1.01	10
Iceland	1944	1968		2	1.01	10
Iceland	1944	1984		2	1.01	10
Iceland	1944	1991		2	1.01	10
Iceland	1944	1995		2	1.01	10
Iceland	1944	1999		1	1.01	10
Iceland	1944	2013		3	1.01	10
India	1949	1951	In house	3	0.56	9
India	1949	1952		1	0.56	9
India	1949	1954		1	0.56	9
India	1949	1955		2	0.56	9
India	1949	1956		3	0.56	9
India	1949	1959		2	0.56	9
India	1949	1960		1	0.56	9
India	1949	1961		2	0.56	9
India	1949	1962		2	0.56	9
India	1949	1963		2	0.56	9
India	1949	1964		2	0.56	9
India	1949	1966		1	0.56	9
India	1949	1967		1	0.56	9
India	1949	1969		3	0.56	9
India	1949	1971		2	0.56	9
India	1949	1972		3	0.56	9
India	1949	1973		2	0.56	9
India	1949	1974		1	0.56	9
India	1949	1975		3	0.56	7
India	1949	1976		3	0.56	7

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
India	1949	1977	3	0.56	8
India	1949	1978	3	0.56	8
India	1949	1980	2	0.56	8
India	1949	1982	2	0.56	8
India	1949	1984	2	0.56	8
India	1949	1985	3	0.56	8
India	1949	1986	1	0.56	8
India	1949	1987	2	0.56	8
India	1949	1988	2	0.56	8
India	1949	1989	2	0.56	8
India	1949	1990	2	0.56	8
India	1949	1991	2	0.56	8
India	1949	1992	2	0.56	8
India	1949	1993	1	0.56	8
India	1949	1994	2	0.56	8
India	1949	1995	2	0.56	9
India	1949	1999	2	0.56	9
India	1949	2000	2	0.56	9
India	1949	2001	1	0.56	9
India	1949	2002	2	0.56	9
India	1949	2003	2	0.56	9
India	1949	2005	2	0.56	9
India	1949	2006	1	0.56	9
India	1949	2009	2	0.56	9

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Responses	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
India	1949	2011		1	0.56	9
India	1949	2012		1	0.56	9
Indonesia	1959	1999	1	2	0.51	6
Indonesia	1959	2000		3	0.51	6
Indonesia	1959	2001		3	0.51	6
Indonesia	1959	2002		3	0.51	6
Ireland	1937	1939	2	1	1.085	8
Ireland	1937	1941		1	1.085	8
Ireland	1937	1972		3	1.085	10
Ireland	1937	1973		2	1.085	10
Ireland	1937	1979		1	1.085	10
Ireland	1937	1983		3	1.085	10
Ireland	1937	1984		1	1.085	10
Ireland	1937	1987		2	1.085	10
Ireland	1937	1992		2	1.085	10
Ireland	1937	1996		2	1.085	10
Ireland	1937	1997		1	1.085	10
Ireland	1937	1998		2	1.085	10
Ireland	1937	1999		3	1.085	10
Ireland	1937	2001		1	1.085	10
Ireland	1937	2002		2	1.085	10
Ireland	1937	2004		2	1.085	10
Ireland	1937	2009		2	1.085	10
Ireland	1937	2011		1	1.085	10
Ireland	1937	2012		2	1.085	10
Ireland	1937	2013		1	1.085	10
Israel	1958	1959	In house	1	0.5	10

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
Israel	1958	1960	1	0.5	10
Israel	1958	1964	1	0.5	10
Israel	1958	1967	1	0.5	9
Israel	1958	1968	3	0.5	9
Israel	1958	1969	1	0.5	9
Israel	1958	1974	1	0.5	9
Israel	1958	1975	2	0.5	9
Israel	1958	1976	2	0.5	9
Israel	1958	1980	2	0.5	9
Israel	1958	1981	1	0.5	6
Israel	1958	1982	1	0.5	6
Israel	1958	1983	1	0.5	6
Israel	1958	1984	3	0.5	6
Israel	1958	1985	2	0.5	6
Israel	1958	1987	1	0.5	6
Israel	1958	1988	2	0.5	6
Israel	1958	1991	2	0.5	6
Israel	1958	1992	3	0.5	6
Israel	1958	1994	2	0.5	6
Israel	1958	1995	1	0.5	6
Israel	1958	1996	2	0.5	6
Israel	1958	1997	1	0.5	6
Israel	1958	1998	1	0.5	6
Israel	1958	2000	2	0.5	6

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Responses	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
Israel	1958	2001		2	0.5	6
Israel	1958	2002		2	0.5	6
Israel	1958	2003		1	0.5	6
Israel	1958	2004		1	0.5	6
Israel	1958	2005		1	0.5	6
Israel	1958	2006		1	0.5	6
Israel	1958	2007		1	0.5	6
Israel	1958	2008		1	0.5	6
Israel	1958	2010		1	0.5	6
Israel	1958	2012		1	0.5	6
Israel	1958	2013		1	0.5	6
Italy	1947	1948	2	1	1.095	10
Italy	1947	1953		1	1.095	10
Italy	1947	1958		1	1.095	10
Italy	1947	1963		1	1.095	10
Italy	1947	1967		1	1.095	10
Italy	1947	1989		1	1.095	10
Italy	1947	1991		1	1.095	10
Italy	1947	1992		1	1.095	10
Italy	1947	1993		1	1.095	10
Italy	1947	1999		1	1.095	10
Italy	1947	2000		1	1.095	10
Italy	1947	2001		2	1.095	10
Italy	1947	2002		1	1.095	10
Italy	1947	2003		1	1.095	10
Italy	1947	2007		1	1.095	10
Italy	1947	2012		1	1.095	10

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Responses	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
Jamaica	1962	1971	In house	1	0.532	10
Jamaica	1962	1975		1	0.532	10
Jamaica	1962	1977		1	0.532	10
Jamaica	1962	1986		1	0.532	10
Jamaica	1962	1990		1	0.532	10
Jamaica	1962	1993		2	0.532	9
Jamaica	1962	1994		2	0.532	9
Jamaica	1962	1999		2	0.532	9
Jamaica	1962	2002		2	0.532	9
Jamaica	1962	2009		1	0.532	9
Jamaica	1962	2011		3	0.532	9
Latvia	1991	1994	In house	2	0.687	8
Latvia	1991	1996		2	0.687	8
Latvia	1991	1997		3	0.687	8
Latvia	1991	1998		2	0.687	8
Latvia	1991	2002		1	0.687	8
Latvia	1991	2003		3	0.687	8
Latvia	1991	2004		1	0.687	8
Latvia	1991	2005		1	0.687	8
Latvia	1991	2007		1	0.687	8
Latvia	1991	2009		2	0.687	8
Latvia	1991	2013		No amendment	0.687	8
Lesotho	1993	1996	In house	2	1	8
Lesotho	1993	1997		2	1	8

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Responses	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
Lesotho	1993	2001		2	1	6
Lesotho	1993	2004		2	1	8
Lithuania	1992	1996	1	2	0.697	10
Lithuania	1992	2002		2	0.697	10
Lithuania	1992	2003		2	0.697	10
Lithuania	1992	2004		3	0.697	10
Lithuania	1992	2006		2	0.697	10
Luxembourg	1868	1919	In house	3	0.687	7
Luxembourg	1868	1948		2	0.687	10
Luxembourg	1868	1956		2	0.687	10
Luxembourg	1868	1972		2	0.687	10
Luxembourg	1868	1979		1	0.687	10
Luxembourg	1868	1983		1	0.687	10
Luxembourg	1868	1988		No amendment	0.687	10
Luxembourg	1868	1989		2	0.687	10
Luxembourg	1868	1994		1	0.687	10
Luxembourg	1868	1996		2	0.687	10
Luxembourg	1868	1998		1	0.687	10
Luxembourg	1868	1999		2	0.687	10
Luxembourg	1868	2000		2	0.687	10
Luxembourg	1868	2003		2	0.687	10
Luxembourg	1868	2004		2	0.687	10
Luxembourg	1868	2005		1	0.687	10
Luxembourg	1868	2006		2	0.687	10
Luxembourg	1868	2007		2	0.687	10
Luxembourg	1868	2008		1	0.687	10
Luxembourg	1868	2009		1	0.687	10

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Responses	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
Macedonia	1991	1992	1	1	0.687	6
Macedonia	1991	1998		1	0.687	6
Macedonia	1991	2001		2	0.687	6
Macedonia	1991	2003		1	0.687	9
Macedonia	1991	2005		1	0.687	9
Macedonia	1991	2009		1	0.687	9
Macedonia	1991	2011		1	0.687	9
Malawi	1994	1995	1	2	0.677	6
Malawi	1994	1997		1	0.677	6
Malawi	1994	1998		1	0.677	6
Malawi	1994	1999		1	0.677	6
Malawi	1994	2004		1	0.677	6
Malawi	1994	2010		2	0.677	6
Malaysia	1957	1958	1	1	0.947	10
Malaysia	1957	1959		No amendment?	0.947	10
Malaysia	1957	1960		2	0.947	10
Malaysia	1957	1961		No amendment?	0.947	10
Malaysia	1957	1962		3	0.947	10
Malaysia	1957	1963		3	0.947	10
Malaysia	1957	1964		1	0.947	10
Malaysia	1957	1965		2	0.947	10
Malaysia	1957	1966		1	0.947	10
Malaysia	1957	1968		1	0.947	10
Mauritius	1968	1969	In house	3	0.677	9

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Responses	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
Mauritius	1968	1973		3	0.677	9
Mauritius	1968	1975		1	0.677	9
Mauritius	1968	1982		3	0.677	10
Mauritius	1968	1983		3	0.677	10
Mauritius	1968	1985		2	0.677	10
Mauritius	1968	1986		1	0.677	10
Mauritius	1968	1990		3	0.677	10
Mauritius	1968	1991		3	0.677	10
Mauritius	1968	1992		3	0.677	10
Mauritius	1968	1994		1	0.677	10
Mauritius	1968	1995		2	0.677	10
Mauritius	1968	1996		1	0.677	10
Mauritius	1968	1997		1	0.677	10
Mauritius	1968	2000		3	0.677	10
Mauritius	1968	2001		3	0.677	10
Mauritius	1968	2003		3	0.677	10
Mauritius	1968	2008		1	0.677	10
Mauritius	1968	2011		1	0.677	10
Mexico	1917	1997	2	1	1.232	6
Mexico	1917	1999		2	1.232	6
Mexico	1917	2000		1	1.232	8
Mexico	1917	2001		1	1.232	8
Mexico	1917	2002		1	1.232	8
Mexico	1917	2003		1	1.232	8
Mexico	1917	2004		1	1.232	8
Mexico	1917	2005		1	1.232	8
Mexico	1917	2006		2	1.232	8

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Responses	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
Mexico	1917	2007		2	1.232	8
Mexico	1917	2008		2	1.232	8
Mexico	1917	2009		1	1.232	8
Mexico	1917	2010		1	1.232	8
Mexico	1917	2011		2	1.232	8
Mexico	1917	2012		3	1.232	8
Mexico	1917	2013		2	1.232	8
Moldova	1994	1996	1	2	0.687	7
Moldova	1994	2000		3	0.687	7
Moldova	1994	2001		2	0.687	8
Moldova	1994	2002		2	0.687	8
Moldova	1994	2003		1	0.687	8
Moldova	1994	2006		1	0.687	9
Mongolia	1992	2001	In house	3	0.76	10
Mozambique	2004	2007	In house	1	0.67	5
Montenegro	2007	2013	In house	3	0.697	8
Namibia	1990	1998	In house	1	0.807	6
Namibia	1990	2010		1	0.807	6
Nepal	2007	2007	1	3	0.677	6
Nepal	2007	2008		3	0.677	6
Nepal	2007	2010		1	0.677	6
Nepal	2007	2011		1	0.677	6
Nepal	2007	2012		2	0.677	6
Netherlands	1848	1917	1	2	1.331	10

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Responses	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
Netherlands	1848	1922		1	1.331	10
Netherlands	1848	1938		1	1.331	10
Netherlands	1848	1946		1	1.331	10
Netherlands	1848	1947		1	1.331	10
Netherlands	1848	1948		1	1.331	10
Netherlands	1848	1953		1	1.331	10
Netherlands	1848	1956		1	1.331	10
Netherlands	1848	1963		1	1.331	10
Netherlands	1848	1972		1	1.331	10
Netherlands	1848	1983		1	1.331	10
Netherlands	1848	1987		1	1.331	10
Netherlands	1848	1995		1	1.331	10
Netherlands	1848	1999		1	1.331	10
Netherlands	1848	2000		1	1.331	10
Netherlands	1848	2002		1	1.331	10
Netherlands	1848	2005		1	1.331	10
Netherlands	1848	2006		1	1.331	10
Netherlands	1848	2008		1	1.331	10
New Zealand	1852	1857	In house	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1863		2	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1881		2	0.5	9
New Zealand	1852	1891		2	0.5	9
New Zealand	1852	1892		3	0.5	9
New Zealand	1852	1893		3	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1894		3	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1902		3	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1907		3	0.5	10

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
New Zealand	1852	1908	2	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1909	3	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1910	2	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1911	2	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1912	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1913	2	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1917	2	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1923	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1925	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1927	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1928	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1930	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1933	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1935	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1936	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1947	3	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1949	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1950	2	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1951	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1952	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1953	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1954	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1955	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1956	3	0.5	10

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
New Zealand	1852	1957	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1958	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1959	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1960	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1961	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1963	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1965	2	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1967	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1968	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1969	2	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1970	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1971	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1972	2	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1973	2	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1974	2	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1975	2	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1976	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1977	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1978	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1979	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1980	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1981	2	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1982	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1983	2	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1985	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1986	3	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1987	1	0.5	10

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
New Zealand	1852	1988	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1989	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1990	3	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1991	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1992	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1993	3	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1994	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1995	2	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1996	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1997	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1998	2	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	1999	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	2000	2	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	2001	3	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	2002	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	2003	3	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	2004	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	2005	2	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	2006	1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	2007	2	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	2008	2	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	2009	2	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	2010	2	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	2011	1	0.5	10

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Responses	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
New Zealand	1852	2012		1	0.5	10
New Zealand	1852	2013		1	0.5	10
Nicaragua	1987	1994	1	No amendment	0.61	6
Nicaragua	1987	1995		3	0.61	8
Nicaragua	1987	2000		2	0.61	8
Nicaragua	1987	2005		1	0.61	8
Nicaragua	1987	2007		1	0.61	9
Norway	1814	1898	2	2	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1899		1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1901		1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1902		1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1903		1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1905		3	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1907		1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1908		1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1910		1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1911		1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1913		2	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1914		1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1916		1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1917		1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1919		1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1920		1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1922		1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1923		1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1925		1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1926		1	0.677	10

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
Norway	1814	1928	1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1929	1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1931	1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1932	1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1935	1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1938	1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1946	1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1948	1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1951	1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1952	1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1954	1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1956	1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1959	1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1962	1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1964	1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1967	1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1972	1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1975	1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1976	1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1978	1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1980	1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1984	1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1986	1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1988	1	0.677	10

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Responses	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
Norway	1814	1990		1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1992		1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1994		1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	1995		1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	2003		1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	2004		1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	2006		1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	2007		1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	2010		1	0.677	10
Norway	1814	2012		1	0.677	10
Pakistan	2002	2010	2	3	0.848	6
Pakistan	2002	2011		2	0.848	6
Pakistan	2002	2012		2	0.848	6
Panama	1972	1993	1	1	1.01	8
Panama	1972	1994		1	1.01	9
Panama	1972	2004		2	1.01	9
Paraguay	1992	2011	1	1	1.102	8
Peru	1993	2000	In house	3	0.99	5
Peru	1993	2002	1	2	0.99	9
Peru	1993	2004		1	0.99	9
Peru	1993	2005		1	0.99	9
Peru	1993	2009		1	0.99	9
Poland	1997	2006	6	1	0.828	10
Poland	1997	2009		1	0.828	10
Portugal	1976	1982	1	1	0.677	10
Portugal	1976	1989		2	0.677	10
Portugal	1976	1992		2	0.677	10

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Responses	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
Portugal	1976	1997		2	0.677	10
Portugal	1976	2001		2	0.677	10
Portugal	1976	2004		2	0.677	10
Portugal	1976	2005		2	0.677	10
Romania	1991	2003	In house	3	1.249	8
Senegal	2001	2003	In house	1	1	8
Senegal	2001	2006		1	1	8
Senegal	2001	2007		1	1	7
Senegal	2001	2008		2	1	7
Senegal	2001	2009		1	1	7
Senegal	2001	2012		1	1	7
Sierra Leone	1996	2008	In house	2	0.697	7
Slovak Republic	1992	1998	1	2	0.61	9
Slovak Republic	1992	1999		3	0.61	9
Slovak Republic	1992	2001		3	0.61	9
Slovak Republic	1992	2004		1	0.61	9
Slovak Republic	1992	2005		1	0.61	9
Slovak Republic	1992	2006		1	0.61	10
Slovak Republic	1992	2010		1	0.61	10
Slovak Republic	1992	2011		3	0.61	10
Slovak Republic	1992	2012		1	0.61	10
Slovenia	1991	1997	In house	2	0.687	10
Slovenia	1991	2000		3	0.687	10
Slovenia	1991	2003		3	0.687	10

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Responses	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
Slovenia	1991	2004		1	0.687	10
Slovenia	1991	2006		2	0.687	10
Slovenia	1991	2013		1	0.687	10
Solomon Islands	1978	1982	In house	1	0.697	7
Solomon Islands	1978	1983		2	0.697	7
Solomon Islands	1978	1989		1	0.697	7
Solomon Islands	1978	1992		1	0.697	8
Solomon Islands	1978	2008		1	0.697	8
Solomon Islands	1978	2009		2	0.697	8
South Africa	1996	1997	3	1	0.717	9
South Africa	1996	1998		1	0.717	9
South Africa	1996	1999		1	0.717	9
South Africa	1996	2001		1	0.717	9
South Africa	1996	2002		1	0.717	9
South Africa	1996	2003		1	0.717	9
South Africa	1996	2005		1	0.717	9
South Africa	1996	2007		1	0.717	9
South Africa	1996	2008		1	0.717	9
South Africa	1996	2009		1	0.717	9
South Africa	1996	2012		1	0.717	9
South Korea	1948	1960	1	3	1.197	8
Spain	1978	1992	2	2	0.648	10
Spain	1978	2011		2	0.648	10
Surinam	1987	1992	In house	2	0.667	5
Sweden	1974	1975	2	1	0.99	10
Sweden	1974	1976		1	0.99	10
Sweden	1974	1977		1	0.99	10

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
Sweden	1974	1978	1	0.99	10
Sweden	1974	1979	1	0.99	10
Sweden	1974	1981	1	0.99	10
Sweden	1974	1982	1	0.99	10
Sweden	1974	1983	1	0.99	10
Sweden	1974	1984	1	0.99	10
Sweden	1974	1985	1	0.99	10
Sweden	1974	1986	1	0.99	10
Sweden	1974	1987	1	0.99	10
Sweden	1974	1988	1	0.99	10
Sweden	1974	1989	1	0.99	10
Sweden	1974	1990	1	0.99	10
Sweden	1974	1991	1	0.99	10
Sweden	1974	1992	1	0.99	10
Sweden	1974	1993	1	0.99	10
Sweden	1974	1994	1	0.99	10
Sweden	1974	1995	1	0.99	10
Sweden	1974	1996	1	0.99	10
Sweden	1974	1997	1	0.99	10
Sweden	1974	1998	1	0.99	10
Sweden	1974	2000	1	0.99	10
Sweden	1974	2001	1	0.99	10
Sweden	1974	2002	1	0.99	10
Sweden	1974	2003	1	0.99	10

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Responses	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
Sweden	1974	2009		1	0.99	10
Sweden	1974	2011		2	0.99	10
Sweden	1974	2012		1	0.99	10
Switzerland	1999	2000	2	1	0.99	10
Switzerland	1999	2001		2	0.99	10
Switzerland	1999	2002		1	0.99	10
Switzerland	1999	2003		2	0.99	10
Switzerland	1999	2004		2	0.99	10
Switzerland	1999	2005		1	0.99	10
Switzerland	1999	2006		1	0.99	10
Switzerland	1999	2007		No amendment	0.99	10
Switzerland	1999	2008		1	0.99	10
Switzerland	1999	2009		1	0.99	10
Switzerland	1999	2010		2	0.99	10
Switzerland	1999	2011		No amendment	0.99	10
Switzerland	1999	2012		1	0.99	10
Switzerland	1999	2013		1	0.99	10
Taiwan	1947	2000	1	3	0.75	9
Taiwan	1947	2005		3	1.27	10
Trinidad and Tobago	1976	1978	In house	1	0.923	8
Trinidad and Tobago	1976	1979		1	0.923	8
Trinidad and Tobago	1976	1981		1	0.923	8
Trinidad and Tobago	1976	1982		1	0.923	8
Trinidad and Tobago	1976	1983		1	0.923	8
Trinidad and Tobago	1976	1987		1	0.923	9
Trinidad and Tobago	1976	1988		1	0.923	9
Trinidad and Tobago	1976	1994		1	0.923	9

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Responses	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
Trinidad and Tobago	1976	1995		1	0.923	9
Trinidad and Tobago	1976	1996		2	0.923	9
Trinidad and Tobago	1976	1999		1	0.923	10
Trinidad and Tobago	1976	2000		1	0.923	10
Trinidad and Tobago	1976	2006		1	0.923	10
Trinidad and Tobago	1976	2007		1	0.923	10
Turkey	1982	1987	4	2	1.187	7
Turkey	1982	1993		1	1.11	8
Turkey	1982	1995		2	1.11	8
Turkey	1982	1999		1	1.11	7
Turkey	1982	2001		2	1.11	7
Turkey	1982	2002		1	1.11	7
Turkey	1982	2004		2	1.11	7
Turkey	1982	2005		1	1.11	7
Turkey	1982	2006		1	1.11	7
Turkey	1982	2007		3	1.11	7
Turkey	1982	2010		2	1.11	7
Turkey	1982	2011		1	1.11	9
Ukraine	1996	2004	1	3	0.687	6
Ukraine	1996	2010		3	0.687	6
Ukraine	1996	2011		1	0.687	6
Ukraine	1996	2013		1	0.687	6
United Kingdom	1297	1911	In house	3	0.776	8
United Kingdom	1297	1914		1	0.5	8

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
United Kingdom	1297	1918	3	0.5	8
United Kingdom	1297	1925	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1947	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1948	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1949	2	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1950	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1953	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1955	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1958	2	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1962	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1963	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1967	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1968	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1969	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1971	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1972	3	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1973	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1975	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1976	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1977	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1978	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1979	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1980	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1981	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1982	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1983	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1984	1	0.5	10

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
United Kingdom	1297	1985	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1986	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1987	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1988	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1989	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1990	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1991	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1992	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1993	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1994	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1995	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1996	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1997	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1998	2	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	1999	2	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	2000	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	2001	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	2002	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	2003	2	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	2004	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	2005	2	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	2006	2	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	2007	1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	2008	1	0.5	10

Country	Constitution year	Amendment year	Responses	Median value	VP rigid	POLITY2
United Kingdom	1297	2009		1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	2010		1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	2010		1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	2011		2	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	2012		1	0.5	10
United Kingdom	1297	2013		1	0.5	10
United States	1789	1865	1	3	1.489	8
United States	1789	1868		2	1.489	8
United States	1789	1870		2	1.489	8
United States	1789	1913		2	1.489	10
United States	1789	1919		1	1.489	10
United States	1789	1920		2	1.489	10
United States	1789	1933		1	1.489	10
United States	1789	1951		2	1.489	10
United States	1789	1961		1	1.489	10
United States	1789	1964		2	1.489	10
United States	1789	1967		1	1.489	8
United States	1789	1971		1	1.489	8
United States	1789	1992		1	1.489	10
Uruguay	1985	1989	1	1	0.5	10
Uruguay	1985	1994		1	0.5	10
Uruguay	1985	1996		3	0.5	10
Uruguay	1985	2004		1	0.5	10
Zambia	1991	2009	In house	1	0.697	7

Appendix II

	OECD	VP rigidity formula	Euclidean distance for \|\|lower-upper\|\|	VP rigidity with Eucli-dean distance for \|\|lower-upper\|\|	Relevant articles
Albania	0	2/3 + e (all members)		0.677	177
Argentina	0	2/3 (lower) + 2/3 × \|\|lower-upper\|\| + 0.5 (convention)	0.165	1.277	30
Armenia	0	2/3 parl.		0.67	202–208
Australia	1	0.5 (lower) + 0.5 × \|\|lower-upper\|\| + 0.5 (ref.) + e (maj. of states’ voters)	0.165	1.093	128
Austria	1	2/3	0.251	0.667	44 but also 42–45
Belgium	1	2/3 (lower) + 2/3 \|\|lower-upper\|\| + e (2/3 present)	0.045	0.707	46, 77, 195–77, 198
Benin	0	3/4 + 0.5 (ref.) – e (other route) + e (all members)		1.25	154–156
Bhutan	0	3/4 of parl. + 0.5 – e (king or ref.)		1.24	2, 33–35
Bolivia	0	2/3 + 0.5 (ref.)	0.054	1.167	411
Botswana	0	2/3		0.667	88–89
Brazil	0	3/5 (lower) + 3/5 \|\|lower-upper\|\| + e (two rounds)	0.153	0.702	60
Bulgaria	0	3/4 + e (3 ballots) – e (alt route: 2/3 2x) + e (all members for maj.) + e (at least 2 months before discussion)		0.77	153–163
Burundi	0	4/5 (lower) + 4/5 \|\|lower-upper\|\| – e (alt route: pres. can send to ref.) + e (abs. maj. to initiate amendment) + e (all members for maj.)	0.375	1.11	297–300

	OECD	VP rigidity formula	Euclidean distance for \|\|lower-upper\|\|	VP rigidity with Eucli-dean distance for \|\|lower-upper\|\|	Relevant articles
Canada	1	0.5 + 2/3 + e (50% pop. representation) – e (alt: instead of senate, pass 2x in house > 180 days apart)	0.401	1.167	35, 38–49, 52
Cape Verde	0	2/3 members – e (pres. cannot refuse to prom.) + e (all members for maj.)		0.667	173, 179, 309–315
Chile	1	3/5 (lower) + 3/5 \|\|lower-upper\|\| + 0.5 (pres.) – e (can override pres.) + e (all members for maj.)	0.15	1.19	127–129
Colombia	0	0.5 (lower) + 0.5 \|\|lower-upper\|\| + e (two discussions) – e (alt: can do constituent assembly) – e (alt: ref.)	0.092	0.536	155, 374–379
Comoros	0	2/3 + 2/3 (councils) – e (alt: councils or ref.) + e (all members for maj.)		1.333	42
Costa Rica	0	2/3 + e (multiple debates and delays) + 0.5 (pres.) + e (all members for maj.)		1.187	195–196
Croatia	0	2/3 + e (maj. vote to decide yes/no on amendment) + e (maj. draft approval) + e (all members for maj.)		0.697	87, 147–150
Cyprus	0	2/3 (turkish community) + 2/3 (greek community) + e (all members for maj.)		1.343	182

	OECD	VP rigidity formula	Euclidean distance for \|\|lower-upper\|\|	VP rigidity with Eucli-dean distance for \|\|lower-upper\|\|	Relevant articles
Czech Republic	1	3/5 (lower) + 3/5 \|\|lower-upper\|\| + e (all members for maj.)	0.461	0.887	9, 39, 41, 62, Appendix B #8
Denmark	1	0.5 + 0.5 (post-election) + 0.5 (ref.) + e (40% voters say yes)		1.51	88
Dominican Republic	0	2/3 + e (maj. in both houses) + e (two chambers) + e (maj. present in both houses for joint session)	0.551	0.697	93, 99, 120, 267–272
East Timor	0	2/3 + e (120 days advance notice for proposals)		0.677	154–157
Ecuador	0	2/3 (of NA) + (0.5 ref.) + e (time)		1.18	84, 103, 106, 120, 441–444
El Salvador	0	2/3 + e (agreement by 0.5 + 1 members for proposal)		0.677	246, 248
Estonia	1	3/5 (parl.) + 0.5 (ref.) + e (time between 3 readings) + e (3 readings) + e (all members for maj.) – e (alt) – e (alt)		1.11	78, 161–168
Finland	1	0.5 (first vote) + 2/3 (second vote, post elections) – e (alt)		1.157	73, 94, 95
France	1	0.5 (lower) + 0.5 \|\|lower-upper\|\| + 0.5 (ref) + e (time for bill consideration: tabling delays) – e (alt path)	0.171	1.086	42, 89
Georgia	0	2/3 + e (amendment suggestion needs 50% of members) + e (delay for discussion after draft pub.) + e (all members for maj.)		0.697	68.4, 102, 103
German Federal Republic	1	2/3 (lower) + 2/3 \|\|lower-upper\|\| + e (all members for maj.)	0.281	0.864	79
Ghana	0	2/3 + e (pub. 2x in gazette, 3 months apart) + e (3 readings) + e (2/3 at second AND third reading) + e (all members for maj.)		0.707	289–292

	OECD	VP rigidity formula	Euclidean distance for \|\|lower-upper\|\|	VP rigidity with Eucli-dean distance for \|\|lower-upper\|\|	Relevant articles
Greece	1	0.5 (first vote) + 3/5 (second vote after elections) – e (alt path for revisions: 3/5 + 0.51) + e (two rounds of votes in first round [mult. Readings])		1.1	110
Guatemala	0	2/3 + 0.5 + e (all members for maj.)		1.177	173, 277–281
Guyana	0	Maj. + ref. + e (2–6 months to submit to ref.) – e (alt route: 2/3)		1	66, 164
Honduras	0	2/3 + e (all members for maj.) + e (ratify in subsequent session)		0.687	5, 218, 373, 374
Hungary	1	2/3 + e (all members for maj.)		0.677	s, 1.2, 8.3
Iceland	1	0.5 (first vote) + 0.5 (second vote, post elections) + e (pres. confirms)		1.01	79
India	0	0.5 (lower) + 0.5 \|\|lower-upper\|\| + e (2/3 members present)	0.099	0.56	368
Indonesia	0	0.5 (lower) + 0.5 \|\|lower-upper\|\| + e (2/3 members present)	0	0.51	37
Ireland	1	0.5 (lower) + 0.5 \|\|lower-upper\|\| + 0.5 (ref.)	0.17	1.085	46–47
Italy/Sardinia	1	0.5 (lower) + 0.5 \|\|lower-upper\|\| + e (two debates) + e (time: 3 months between debates) + 0.5 (ref.) – e (alt route: 2/3, no ref.)	0.17	1.095	138 (referendum Art. 75)

	OECD	VP rigidity formula	Euclidean distance for \|\|lower-upper\|\|	VP rigidity with Eucli-dean distance for \|\|lower-upper\|\|	Relevant articles
Israel	1	0.5 (lower house)		0.5
Jamaica	0	0.5 (lower) + 0.50 \|\|lower-upper\|\| + e (all members for maj.) + e (wait 3 months for debate)	0.024	0.532	49
Japan	1	2/3 (lower) + 2/3 \|\|lower-upper\|\| + 0.5 (ref.) + e (all members for maj.)	0.208	1.315	96
Kenya	0	2/3 (lower) + 2/3 \|\|lower-upper\|\| + e (3 readings) + e (certificate) + e (all members for maj.)	0.04	0.723	94.3, 255, 256, 257
Korea, Republic of	1	2/3 + 0.5 (ref.) + e (maj. to introduce amendment) + e (delay of 20 days to consider amendments) + e (all members for maj.)		1.197	128–130
Kyrgyz Republic	0	2/3 + e (time: 6 months or less to adopt amendments after proposal) + e (3 readings) + e (2 months between readings) + e (all members for maj.)		0.707	74.2, 97.6, 114
Latvia	1	2/3 + e (2/3 present) + e (3 readings)		0.687	76–79
Lebanon	0	2/3 + e (time: 4 months) + e (all members for maj.)		0.687	65, 76–79
Lesotho	0	0.5 (lower) + 0.5 \|\|lower-upper\|\| + 0.5 (ref.) + e (time: limit for holding ref.) – e (alt: 2/3)	0	1	85
Liberia	0	2/3 (lower) + 2/3 \|\|lower-upper\|\| + 2/3 (ref.) + e (2/3 approval for ref.) + e (time: 1 year wait for ref.) + e (all members for maj.)	0.19	1.49	87, 91–93
Lithuania	1	2/3 + e (time: 1-month delay) + e (signs and promulgates) + e (all members for maj.)		0.697	67, 147, 148, 149

	OECD	VP rigidity formula	Euclidean distance for \|\|lower-upper\|\|	VP rigidity with Eucli-dean distance for \|\|lower-upper\|\|	Relevant articles
Luxembourg	1	2/3 + e (two rounds of votes) + e (3 months between votes) – e (can substitute ref. for second round of voting) + e (all members for maj.)		0.687	114
Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of)	0	2/3 + e (second round of voting: need maj.) + e (all members for maj.)		0.687	129–131, amend. 18
Malawi	0	2/3 + e (all members for maj.)		0.677	195–197, schedule
Malaysia	0	2/3 (lower) + 2/3 \|\|lower-upper\|\| + e (3 readings) + e (all members for maj.)	0.39	0.947	159, 161e
Mali	0	2/3 (NA) + 0.5 (ref.)		1.17	118
Mauritius	0	2/3 + e (all members for maj.)		0.677	46–47
Mexico	1	2/3 (lower) + 2/3 \|\|lower-upper\|\| + 0.5 (states) – e (half members for maj.)	0.083	1.212	135
Moldova	0	2/3 + e (6 months between initiative and passage) + e (all members for maj.)		0.687	63, 141–143
Mongolia	0	3/4 + e (all members for maj.)		0.76	26, 68–70
Montenegro	0	2/3 + e (public hearing [1 month+]) + e (two votes of 2/3) + e (all members for maj.)		0.697	155–157

	OECD	VP rigidity formula	Euclidean distance for \|\|lower-upper\|\|	VP rigidity with Eucli-dean distance for \|\|lower-upper\|\|	Relevant articles
Mozambique	0	2/3 NA		0.67	291, 292, 295
Namibia	0	2/3 (lower) + 2/3 \|\|lower-upper\|\| – e (alt route: ref. if second chamber does not approve) + e (all members for maj.)	0.21	0.807	131, 132
Nepal	0	2/3 + e (all members for maj.)		0.677	148
Netherlands	1	1/2 (lower) + 1/2 \|\|lower-upper\|\| + 2/3 (lower) + 2/3 \|\|lower-upper\|\|	0.124	1.312	137–142
New Zealand	1	Maj.		0.5	See text at right
Nicaragua	0	3/5 + e (commission)		0.61	141, 191–195
Niger	0	3/4 + 0.5 (ref.) – e (alt: 4/5)		1.24	173–175
Norway	1	2/3 + e (previous proposal)		0.677	112
Pakistan	0	2/3 + 1/3 \|\|lower-upper\|\| + e (all members for maj.)	0.513	0.848	238, 239
Panama	0	Maj. (abs.) + maj. (abs., second) + e (gazette) + e (3 readings) – e (alt)		1.01	313–314
Papua New Guinea	0	2/3 parl. + e (time)		0.68	13, 14
Paraguay	0	0.5 (lower) + 0.5 \|\|lower-upper\|\| + 0.5 (ref.) + e (180 days to call ref.)	0.184	1.102	289–290
Peru	0	Abs. maj. + 0.5 ref. – e (alt: 2/3)		0.99	32, 101.4, 206
Philippines	0	3/4 (lower) + 3/8 \|\|lower-upper\|\| + 0.5 (pleb.) + e (60–90 days to hold pleb.) – e (alt: constitutional convention) – e (initiative)	0.411	1.394	17
Poland	1	2/3 (lower) + 2/3 \|\|lower-upper\|\| + e (adopt twice) + e (60 days to adopt second time)	0.212	0.828	235
Portugal	1	2/3 + e (all members for maj.)		0.677	284–289

	OECD	VP rigidity formula	Euclidean distance for \|\|lower-upper\|\|	VP rigidity with Eucli-dean distance for \|\|lower-upper\|\|	Relevant articles
Romania	0	2/3 (lower) + 2/3 \|\|lower-upper\|\| + 0.5 (ref.) – e (alt: 3/4 joint session) + e (all members for maj.)	0.124	1.249	150–152
Senegal	0	0.5 (lower) + 0.5 (ref.) – e (alt: 3/5) + e (second chamber)		1	71, 103
Sierra Leone	0	2/3 + e (publish in ≥ 2 issues of gazette, at least 9 days apart) + e (3 readings) + e (all members for maj.)		0.697	108
Slovakia	1	3/5 + e (all members for maj.)		0.61	84.4, 152.1
Slovenia	1	2/3 + e (2/3 approval of proposal) + e (all members for maj.)		0.687	168–171
Solomon Islands	0	2/3 + e (two readings) + e (give bill to speaker 4 weeks in advance) + e (all members for maj.)		0.697	61
Somalia	0	2/3 of both chambers + e (committee) + 0.5 ref.		1.17	57, 63, 71
South Africa	0	2/3 + e (30 days before bill publish in gazette) + e (submit to provincial legislatures) + e (submit comments to speaker) + e (wait 30 days for introducing or tabling) + e (all members for maj.)	0.048	0.717	74

	OECD	VP rigidity formula	Euclidean distance for \|\|lower-upper\|\|	VP rigidity with Eucli-dean distance for \|\|lower-upper\|\|	Relevant articles
Spain	1	3/5 (lower) + 3/5 \|\|lower-upper\|\| – e (alt: joint session) – e (alt: can pass 2/3 in the lower house and maj. in upper) + e (all members for maj.)	0.096	0.6576	75, 87, 166–169
Surinam	0	2/3 NA		0.667	72, 83, 181(2)
Sweden	1	0.5 (first vote) + 0.5 (second vote) + e (9-month delay between two votes) – e (alt: abs. maj. + ref.) – e (alt: 3/4 with maj. present)		0.99	8.5.14–17, 8.8.21
Switzerland	1	0.5 (people) + 0.5 (cantons) – e (alt: parl. route)	0.239	0.99	4.2.138, 4.2.139, 4.2.140, 4.2.142, 6.1.192–195
Taiwan before 2000	0	3/4 + e (3/4 present) – e (alt procedure)		0.75	Additional articles to the Constitution of the Republic of China (Fourth Revision); Art. 27 and 174 of the Constitution
Taiwan after 2000	0	3/4 + 0.5 + e (ref. turnout) + e (3/4 present)		1.27	Additional Article 12 (replaces 174) (previously discussed in Art. 27, 30, 174, additional Art. 1)
Thailand	0	0.5 (lower) + 0.5 \|\|lower-upper\|\| + e (maj. of all members) + e (3 readings) + e (15-day delay between second and third readings)	0	0.53	291

	OECD	VP rigidity formula	Euclidean distance for \|\|lower-upper\|\|	VP rigidity with Eucli-dean distance for \|\|lower-upper\|\|	Relevant articles
Trinidad And Tobago	0	2/3 (lower) + 2/3 \|\|lower-upper\|\| + e (all members for maj.)	0.37	0.923	18.4, 54
Tunisia	0	1/2 pres. + 2/3 (assembly) + e (initial approval by maj.) – e (alt route)		1.167	76–78
Turkey before 1987	1	2/3 + 0.5 (pres.) + e (two rounds of debate) + e (all members for maj.)		1.19
Turkey after 1987	1	3/5 + 0.5 (pres.) + e (two rounds of debate) + e (all members for maj.) – e (alt: 2/3)		1.11
Ukraine	0	2/3 + e (maj. approval in previous round) + e (all members for maj.)		0.687	154–159
United Kingdom before 1911	0	0.5 (lower) + 0.5 \|\|lower-upper\|\|	0.551	0.776
United Kingdom after 1911	1	0.5 (maj. in LH)		0.5
Uruguay	0	0.5 (ref.)	0.035	0.5	331
USA	1	2/3 (lower) + 2/3 \|\|lower-upper\|\| + 3/4 – e (alt) – e (alt) + e (all members for maj.)	0.123	1.489	5
Yugoslavia (Serbia)	0	2/3 + e (all members for maj.)		0.677	203–205 + AD97
Zambia	0	2/3 + e (public in gazette) + e (3 readings) + e (all members for maj.)		0.697	79

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Appendices

Appendix I

Appendix II

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