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Index

Introductory Note

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2025

Lien-Hang T. Nguyen
Affiliation:
Columbia University, New York
Andrew Preston
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge

Summary

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Index Introductory Note

References such as “178–9” indicate (not necessarily continuous) discussion of a topic across a range of pages. Wherever possible in the case of topics with many references, these have either been divided into subtopics or only the most significant discussions of the topic are listed. Because the entire work is about the “Vietnam War,” the use of this term (and certain others that occur frequently in the book) as an entry point has been restricted. Information will be found under the corresponding detailed topics. Cross-references in a form such as “generals. See also individual names” direct the reader to headings in a particular class (e.g. “Westmoreland, General William C.”) rather than a specific “individual names” entry.

I Corps, 3945, 4950, 5253, 56, 73, 169, 171172, 288, 291292, 354355
II Corps, 288, 294
III Corps, 131, 165, 288
III MAF (Marine Amphibious Force), 3940, 43, 45, 50, 53
606 Trần Hưng Đạo, 133134, 135
9th Plenum, 195, 366, 371, 379
17th parallel, 2, 6, 175, 177, 218
A-4s, 58, 73
A-6s, 73
ABC, 457, 461, 463464, 469
Abrams, Creighton, 29, 268, 481
Acheson, Dean, 332
Achilles in Vietnam, 98
activism, 387, 391, 394, 398, 400, 423, 424, 429, 436, 440
antiwar, 339340, 383, 393395, 398, 401, 513515, 517, 521, 620, 621
activists, 387, 395, 400401, 443, 448, 509510, 511515, 520521, 621, 653
gay rights, 399400
radical, 422, 509, 526, 566
student, 157, 397, 523, 620, 622
ACU, 446447
Adams, Eddie, 186, 464, 651
Adams, Lily Lee, 103
Adams, Sam, 300
Adams, Sergeant 1st Class Betty L., 105
Adenauer, Konrad, 569, 574
aerial assault, 68, 74, 628
AFC. See Armed Forces Council (AFC)
AFEES. See Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station (AFEES)
Affirmation: Vietnam, 429, 432, 441
Afghanistan, 273, 470
AFL-CIO, 387388
Africa, 408, 509, 517, 520, 526, 534, 648
African Americans, 111114, 140, 274, 326, 389, 410417, 419, 421422, 426427, 521
servicemen/soldiers, 94, 111, 113, 115, 410412, 521
women, 113115
Afro-Asia Bandung Conference, 424, 516
Agent Orange, 219, 221
Agnew, Spiro T., 468
agriculture, 220, 376, 378, 484, 491, 501, 630, 646
agrovilles, 122
Ahern, Thomas, 123, 248
Ải Nam Quan, 195
aid, 474, 475, 491492, 494, 516, 548, 551, 571, 572, 633634
American, 175, 182, 426, 474475, 490, 643
economic, 118, 179, 472, 475477, 485, 490, 539, 585, 612, 633
first, 85, 106
military, 344, 372, 474475, 529, 536537, 543, 571, 634
air commanders/leaders, 5960, 64, 6668, 74, 7779, 8182
Air Corps Tactical School, 60
Air Force, 11, 6062, 64, 6879, 100101, 102104, 254, 276, 493, 498499
air power, 5861, 62, 64, 6667, 7172, 7581, 279, 280, 328, 334
air support, 73, 7778, 281
close, 73, 77
air war, 9, 11, 5882, 495496, 504506. See also Rolling Thunder
campaigns in the South, 7279
strategic foundations of American air power, 6062
airborne divisions, 115, 147, 171, 292
aircraft, 67, 74, 81, 274, 276, 278, 493, 497498, 500, 538
American, 70, 276, 497498, 500
types, 69. See also individual designations
airfields, 134135, 295, 434, 563
airmen, 6162, 145, 148, 411, 632
AK-47 assault rifles, 87, 165, 212, 289
Albania, 530531, 654
Alcatraz Island, 423
alcohol, 9293, 138
Alexander, Lynda, 103104
Alexander, Roberta, 620
Algeria, 10, 513, 517, 555556, 587, 597
Ali, Muhammad, 521
Alliance for Labor Action, 388
alliances, 9, 252, 253, 255, 258, 388, 431, 512, 517, 520
allied forces/troops, 35, 265, 283, 288, 296297, 298
Alsop, Joseph, 456, 460
Alvarez, J.G. Everett, 58
ambassadors, 125, 183, 266, 352, 541, 592593
ambushes, 50, 115116, 181182
Amerasian children, 225, 235
Amerasian Homecoming Act, 231
America. See United States
American Conservative Union, 432
American Legion, 432433, 438
American women, 100116, 227
and race, 111115
donut dollies, 108111, 112
military nurses, 101105, 116, 632
Women’s Army Corps (WAC), 100101, 105108, 111, 116, 227228
Americanization, 6, 14, 311, 315316, 320, 352
ammunition, 63, 87, 91, 146148, 280, 289, 325, 540, 649
depots, 6566
An Giang, 488
An Lộc, 155
Ấn Quang movement, 184, 356
ANC. See Army Nurse Corps (ANC)
ancestors, 152, 155, 166, 203, 286
Annam, 238239, 296
Cordillera, 200, 236237, 238239
anticommunism, 15, 1819, 161, 350, 408409, 443, 446, 606607, 630, 660
antirevisionist campaign, 368, 371, 373, 376, 381
antiwar activism, 339340, 383, 393395, 398, 401, 513515, 517, 521, 620, 621
antiwar demonstrations, 402, 433, 440, 576
antiwar movement, 1618, 334335, 337339, 382405, 436437, 439440
and international radicalism, 509528
diversity of dissent, 384390
geographical breadth and tactical repertoire, 393396
GIs/soldiers, 213, 390392
impact on end of war, 401405
Japan, 617623
legacy, 396401
antiwar sentiment, 184, 282, 300, 390, 404, 432, 661664
Ấp Bắc, 154, 181182, 183, 454
Apocalypse Now, 83
Apple, R.W., Jr., 450451, 461
Appy, Christian, 438439
Aptheker, Bettina, 385
Arab world, 571
Arc Light, 7273, 74
Arizona, 327328, 390, 423
Arlen, Michael, 470
Armed Forces Council (AFC), 351, 359
Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Station (AFEES), 8485
Army and Vietnam, The, 28
Army Nurse Corps (ANC), 100102, 107, 111
Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN)
in battle, 168172
kinetic abilities, 167168
nature and makeup, 155163
officers, 158, 165, 168
soldiers, 105, 149150, 169, 355
training, 150, 161
units, 151, 165, 167168, 170171, 288
war in the villages, 163167
artillery, 43, 84, 151, 157, 165, 167169, 265
antiaircraft, 58
artists, 367, 368
ARVN. See Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN)
Asahi Shimbun, 618
Asian Americans, 416, 418419, 424425, 522
ASPEN, 597
assassinations, 6, 10, 113, 124, 185, 307, 326, 358, 652653, 663
Asselin, Pierre, 365
Atlanta Constitution, 428
Atlanta Stadium, 428
Atsugi Naval Air base, 607
attrition, 27, 2931, 35, 42, 53, 56, 160, 165, 193, 209
strategy, 53, 56
war of, 90, 207, 210, 282, 450, 478
Aubrac, Raymond, 598
August Revolution, 205
Australia, 19, 189, 235, 245, 306, 308, 407, 512, 560, 568
“Austriens,” 253
Austroasiatic languages, 236, 253
Austronesian languages, 236, 253
authoritarianism, 14, 19, 648, 660, 662663
autonomous North West region, 502503
Avenell, Simon Andrew, 620
Ayun Pa, 257
AZTEC, 597
B-52s, 62, 67, 7276, 186, 202, 205, 276277, 278, 476, 608
Ba Đình Hall, 500
Ba Tơ, 243
Bà Triệu, 203
babies, 95, 96, 141, 386, 469
Babylift, Operation, 235, 426427
Bac Thai, 210211
Baez, Joan, 386
Bahnar, 236238, 242
Bajaraka, 242243, 249252, 255
Baldwin, Yvonne, 394
Ball, George, 333, 556, 618
Ban Mê Thuột, 237, 241, 243, 246, 251252, 256, 257258, 296
Bandung, 425, 516
Bảo Đại, 156, 159, 224, 239, 251, 551, 605606
Bảo vệ, 367
Barker, Frank, 9596
Barry, Jan, 392
bars, 136, 141, 143, 146, 228, 230231, 381, 411, 473, 477
Barzel, Rainer, 571
base camps, 54, 86, 9194
bases, 106, 108, 110, 137, 139140, 291292, 411412, 473474, 606608, 609610. See also individual bases
American, 136137, 143, 146, 229
Basic Combat Training (BCT), 85
Basic Doctrine Manual, 79
basic training, 96, 100, 105106
bataillons montagnards, 239, 247
Batista, Fulgencio, 444
battalion commanders, 48, 95, 158, 163
battle deaths, 172, 274
battlefields, 914, 190191, 209, 210214, 264265, 280, 282283, 285, 298, 527529. See also individual names
southern, 197, 200, 369, 374
battlefronts, 6
battles, 1213, 14, 163, 168170, 181, 185, 292, 296297, 341343, 462464. See also individual battles
BCPV. See British Council for Peace in Vietnam (BCPV)
BCT. See Basic Combat Training (BCT)
Beatles, the, 477
beer, 93, 146, 613
Beheiren, 619623
Behnar, 83
Beijing. See China
Belgium, 658
Bến Hải River, 205, 211, 360
Bến Tre, 232, 295, 296
Bennett, Judith, 227
Benning, Fort, 85, 96, 109
Bergold, Wolfgang, 375
Berkeley, 383, 385, 393, 405, 658
Berlin, 309, 530, 568, 571, 575, 577
Berrigan, Daniel, 395
Berrigan, Philip, 395, 401
Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation, 566
Biên Hòa, 295, 296, 479
big unit war, 38, 50, 155, 169, 170
Bigart, Homer, 452455
Biggs, David, 135
Bilton, Michael, 97
Bình Định, 119, 127, 360
Bình Doung, 54
Black Americans. See African Americans
black market, 147148, 149, 227, 229
Black Panthers, 115, 389, 421, 424, 425, 517, 521, 620
Black Power movement, 389, 412, 421, 620, 653
Blaufarb, Douglas, 28, 53
Blimes, Linda, 636
Bloody Friday, 439
Bloom, Joshua, 389
body counts, 27, 3031, 33, 68, 90, 264265, 270, 283, 522
Bohlen, Charles E., 554, 555
Bộ–Kissinger meeting, 598
Bolivia, 509, 517
bombers, 6061, 64, 67, 7376, 276
bombing, 13, 59, 6263, 6568, 7071, 277, 278, 279, 459, 478479, 590591, 595600. See also Rolling Thunder
campaigns, 11, 13, 79, 237, 299, 351, 447, 535536
Christmas, 279, 575
figures, 276279
halt, 333, 339340, 359, 388, 403, 587, 594, 596599, 600
threat of, 62, 64
bombs, 5859, 62, 67, 6970, 73, 7476, 79, 142, 493, 504505
atomic, 278, 587
Bồng Sơn, 153
Bong Song, 295
Bonn. See West Germany
booby traps, 63, 88, 9596, 115
Borchers, Erwin, 368
borders, 3, 35, 223, 250, 255257, 289, 291, 294, 512, 517
Cambodian, 54, 185
Sino-Soviet, 537, 655
Sino-Vietnamese, 536
boredom, 108, 136, 139, 216
Borneo, 561, 562
Bosch, Juan, 316
Boston, 100, 394, 399, 403, 420
Boudarel, Georges, 368
Bouncing Betty, 88
Bradley, Omar N., 438
Brady, Phil, 468
Braestrup, Peter, 463, 465
Brandt, Willy, 571572, 575
Bratislava, 514, 519, 523524
Brezhnev, Leonid, 535537, 538540, 542, 544548, 653654
BRIAM, 560, 563
bridges, 64, 6667, 69, 146, 165, 200, 512, 535, 570
Brinkley, David, 467
Britain. See United Kingdom
British Council for Peace in Vietnam (BCPV), 565566
British Vietnam Committee (BVC), 565
brothels, 136, 146, 227229, 473, 477, 523
brothers, 115, 193194, 199, 207, 215, 245, 346, 520
Broughton, Jack, 70
Brown, Edmund “Pat,”397
Brown, George, 597
Browne, Malcolm, 452, 454, 456
Bru Vân Kiều, 236
Brunson, Don, 428
Bryant, Anita, 429
Bucharest, 599600
Buddhists, 157158, 250, 254, 346, 349357, 361, 454455, 487488, 491, 660
budgets, 246, 338, 496, 573
Bùi Công Trừng, 366, 376
Bùi Diễm, 352, 362
Bulgaria, 515, 654
Bunch, Charlotte, 399
Bundeswehr, 570, 572573
Bundy, McGeorge, 6667, 308, 319, 563, 586
Bundy, William, 308, 333
Bunker, Ellsworth, 31, 359360, 362, 491
bunkers, 87, 88, 106, 362
Buôn Enao, 240, 243246, 248
Buôn Ma Thuột, 204, 237
Buôn Sarpa, 251252
Burchett, Wilfred, 597
Burma, 305306, 308, 583, 597, 628
business leaders, 429, 462, 612, 617
businesses, 143, 152, 286, 428, 491, 585, 587, 591, 594, 621
BVC. See British Vietnam Committee (BVC)
C-123s, 73, 79
C-130s, 73, 79, 86
cabinets, 350, 357, 359, 360, 565, 566
civilian, 345, 352
meetings, 451, 567
cadres, 120, 177, 179, 180, 195, 198, 200, 211212, 376, 644
high-ranking, 131, 375, 377
levels, 177178
political, 32, 194
cafes, 17, 473, 481
CALCAV. See Clergy and Laymen Concerned About Vietnam (CALCAV)
Califano, Joseph, 332
California, 85, 158, 334, 339, 397, 423, 441, 631632, 658
Calley, William, 9597
Callison, Stewart, 484
Cẩm Nê, 458459, 461
Cam Ranh Bay, 85, 112, 336, 473, 625
Cambodia, 3, 58, 236, 250252, 255257, 276278, 287, 289, 308, 445
Mondulkiri province, 252, 255256
Camp Eagle, 91, 115
Campagna, Anthony, 636
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), 565
campaigns
air. See air war; bombing; Rolling Thunder
anti-revisionist, 368, 371, 373, 376, 381
patriotic, 437, 448
political, 195, 330, 505
camps, 251252, 255, 410
base, 54, 86, 9194
reeducation, 170, 225, 232
campuses, 331, 333, 383, 390, 395, 397398, 420, 436, 441, 622623
Cần Thơ, 295, 296
Canada, 20, 512, 521, 524, 525528, 582583, 585586, 592, 597, 602
Cao Đài, 157, 488
Cao Van Tho, 191, 205
CAP program, 29, 4650, 52, 5556
capabilities, 37, 6162, 79, 257, 273, 293
enemy, 63, 68, 71, 481
capital goods, 613
capitalism, 20, 148, 177, 192, 515, 517, 519, 648, 650, 658
Capitol Hill, 310, 313, 316, 333, 602
CAPs. See Combined Action Platoons (CAPs)
Carmichael, Stokely, 389, 413
Carver, Philip, 126
Castro, Fidel, 509, 518, 657
casualties, 12, 28, 50, 274, 463, 467, 469, 472, 592, 597
civilian, 35, 40, 48, 146, 150, 453, 459460
figures, 298, 459
growing Black, 419
heavy, 269, 270, 284
reports, 90, 467
United States, 85, 151, 166, 182, 274276, 280, 287, 538, 632
Catch-22, 579, 596
Catholic New Left, 660
Catholic refugees, 241, 348
Catholicism, 224, 347, 660
Catholics, 348, 352, 485, 487488, 660
leaders, 348350, 663
Catonsville Nine, 395
CBS News, 337, 437, 450, 451, 457, 458, 461, 463, 466, 469
CDEC. See Combined Document Exploitation Collection (CDEC)
CDU parliamentary group, 571, 575
ceasefires, 240, 481, 565
Ceauşescu, Nicolae, 599
Census Grievance, 125, 129
Central America, 396, 398, 409
Central Committee, 12, 177, 366, 371, 375376, 495497, 527, 534
Central Highlanders, 237, 253, 259
Central Highlands, 121, 179, 183, 185, 236241, 250, 251254, 255259, 292, 296
Ethnic Autonomy Movement, 243
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 121, 123, 125, 129132, 243246, 248, 267269, 290, 455, 498499
Combined Studies Division, 243, 249
personnel, 245, 248
reports, 127, 308
Central Office of South Vietnam (COSVN), 179, 184, 208, 284, 289, 371
Central Park, 384, 435
central Vietnam, 220221, 236, 251, 258, 287, 351, 355
Cham, 250253, 255256
erstwhile kingdom, 250251
Chan, Charlie (character), 425
Chancellor, John, 464
Charlie Company, 9596
Châu Đốc, 488
Cheo Reo, 257
Chiang Kai-shek, 322, 444
Chicago, 17, 339, 383, 387, 399, 414, 483, 514
Chicano Moratorium, 389390, 424
Chicanos, 388390, 417, 423425, 521
children, 9596, 153, 159, 223, 231, 386, 407, 426427, 522, 524
Amerasian, 225, 235
Eurasian, 407
Korean, 426
China, 6465, 529533, 534537, 539547, 555556, 581585, 587588, 596597, 647649, 654655. See also Sino-Soviet split
aid, 540, 543
Cultural Revolution, 372374, 378, 425, 517, 541, 543, 547, 596, 649
leaders, 531, 537, 544
propaganda, 537, 540
China Beach, 90, 100, 413
Chinese, 6465, 67, 486, 529, 530537, 539541, 543545, 547, 591, 602
overseas, 486, 490
Chợ Lớn, 290, 363, 486
Chợ Rẫy, 615
Chrau, 236
Christie, Jeanne, 108
Christmas bombings, 279, 575
Chu Lai, 39, 93, 102105, 107, 295
Church, Frank, 313, 333
Churu, 236, 253
CIA. See Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
CIDG. See Civilian Irregular Defense Groups (CIDG)
CIP. See commodity import program (CIP)
cities, 126127, 227, 230231, 295296, 353354, 473, 475477, 480481, 499, 661. See also individual cities
major, 180, 294, 347, 463
citizens, 9, 98, 126, 158, 418, 426, 434, 643, 653, 662663
citizenship, 411, 418, 421, 423, 605, 623
civic action, 29, 36, 39, 4446, 51, 5456, 119, 120
civil disobedience, 382, 387, 396
Civil Guard, 125, 164
Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development Support (CORDS), 125, 126128, 130132
civil rights, 198, 317, 339, 383, 414, 420421, 422
groups, 421, 423
insurgency, 411, 421
movement, 419, 422423
civil war, 2, 16, 32, 154, 159, 174, 175, 189, 192, 213
civilian casualties, 35, 40, 48, 146, 150, 453, 459460
Civilian Irregular Defense Groups (CIDG), 237, 243, 245249, 252, 254256
civilian rule, 347, 350, 352, 355
civilian women, 100101, 116, 219, 229
class, 140, 150, 387, 422, 510511, 520, 523
struggle, 192, 203, 206, 531532
Clausewitz, Carl von, 14, 8182
Clavier, Albert, 368
Clay, Lucius, 428
Clergy and Laymen Concerned About Vietnam (CALCAV), 396
Clifford, Clark, 299, 319
Clodfelter, Michael, 145
close air support, 73, 77
CND. See Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND)
coalition governments, 182183, 184, 317, 348, 356, 362, 365, 441, 447, 662
coalitions, 250253, 326, 331, 342343, 346, 361, 383, 438, 575, 619
conservative, 324, 331, 334
coexistence, peaceful, 195, 366, 532, 535, 546, 659
Coffin, William Sloane, 396
Cohen, Eliot, 81
Colby, William, 123, 125, 132, 243
Cold War, 58, 1820, 308309, 312313, 321322, 512513, 549, 568, 576580, 629630
Consensus, 315, 320
early, 321325
global, 2, 5, 559, 664
status quo, 430, 431, 648
system, 552, 565
collectivization, 120, 644
college campuses. See campuses
College Option Program, 84
colonial divisions, 510, 512
colonial rule, 238, 558
colonialism, 192, 344, 409, 474, 513, 522, 525, 558, 587
European, 626
French, 157, 172, 482, 486
Columnists, 310, 457458, 471. See also journalists
combat deaths, 181, 263, 274, 275276
combat operations, 30, 54, 137, 145, 146, 208, 220, 223, 281, 289
combat zones, 39, 89, 105, 215, 468, 613
combatants, 81, 191, 202, 203, 211, 214216, 218, 579, 641
Combined Action Platoons (CAPs), 28, 4548, 5057, 125
as false alternative, 4554
Marines, 46
members, 4648, 54
Combined Action Program, 2829, 32, 38, 5456
Combined Document Exploitation Collection (CDEC), 190
Combined Lightning Initial Project, 54
Combined Studies Division, 243, 249
commanders, 14, 16, 4142, 64, 74, 80, 165, 167, 263, 265
company, 93, 95, 163
corps, 169, 171, 356, 362363, 485
ground, 68, 77, 79
Joint Forces Air Component, 79
MACV (Military Assistance Command, Vietnam), 27, 2930, 35, 40, 53, 181, 247
marine, 42, 49
commodities, 260, 474, 490, 628
commodity import program (CIP), 474
communism, 19, 204, 306, 308309, 310, 312, 321323, 324325, 347348, 629630
communist forces, 1213, 261, 264265, 269, 277, 280, 286, 295, 297298, 300
communist insurgency, 10, 28, 104, 164, 306, 539, 542, 544, 595, 598
communist losses, 264265, 280, 297
communist party, 19, 120, 174, 176177, 190, 193, 204, 267, 644, 645646
Vietnam, 174, 175, 178, 284, 527
communist soldiers, 63, 194, 280
communist strength, 266269
communists, 159162, 174176, 180181, 284, 292293, 296298, 306308, 322324, 483485, 488
Vietnamese, 216, 441, 529, 549, 581, 587, 625, 656, 658660
communities, 269, 390, 391, 398, 417, 419, 421, 424, 512, 522
Côn Đảo, 663
Côn Sơn, 662
Cồn Thiện, 288
concessions, 353355, 356, 413, 542, 581, 611, 627
Confederate flags, 411, 413
conferences, 124, 222, 252253, 354, 357, 514515, 524, 528, 556, 619621
Congo, 409, 509, 534, 577
Congress, 312313, 316317, 322324, 329330, 331332, 334, 338, 340341, 494495, 638639
conscience, 80, 335, 383, 619
conscription, 84, 191, 195, 199, 273, 411, 417418, 419, 632
conservatives, American, 324, 325326, 331, 334, 337, 385, 431, 435436, 438, 443449
constituent assembly, 355357, 360
constitutions, 80, 346, 350, 354, 356357, 358359, 360, 428, 486, 607
construction workers, 387, 439440
consumer goods, 138, 140, 146, 153, 477
containment, 549, 625, 630631
convoys, 67, 148
cooks, 84, 146, 410, 473
Cooper, Chester L., 66, 596
cooperatives, agricultural, 376, 378, 501
Cor, 236, 243
Cordillera, Annam, 200, 236237, 238239
CORDS. See Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development Support (CORDS)
corps commanders, 169, 171, 356, 362363, 485
Corps Tactical Zones (CTZs), 41, 294
correspondents, 369, 450, 453457, 463, 469, 471
corruption, 123, 126, 131, 132, 148, 150, 257, 263, 484485, 489492
Corson, Lieutenant Colonel William R., 49, 51
Cortright, David, 392
costs, 148, 150, 317, 318, 446, 447, 626, 629, 631633, 635636, 638641
of getting out, 317320
political, 15, 230
COSVN. See Central Office of South Vietnam (COSVN)
counterattacks, 76, 170, 186
counterfactuals, 14, 28, 54, 57, 249, 603, 635
counterinsurgency, 2729, 34, 3640, 118119, 122123, 179180, 182, 249, 474, 475
tactics, 249, 254
countryside, 2930, 179180, 187, 270271, 353, 474476, 478, 480482, 483484, 491492
County Fair, 4445, 53
coups, 72, 123, 223, 343, 347348, 354, 376377, 455, 456, 554555
courts, 238, 346, 388, 418, 424, 627
credibility, 300, 309, 311, 454, 457, 465, 470, 529, 546, 549
gap, 300, 317, 588
maxim, 308311
Cronkite, Walter, 337, 451, 454, 464465, 470, 652
Crown Domain, 239240, 246
CTZ (Corps Tactical Zone), 41, 294
Cu Chi, 54, 103, 176
Cuba, 18, 246, 316, 408, 444, 509, 517, 530, 534, 577
Missile Crisis, 62, 65, 66, 312313, 530, 552, 574
Cultural Revolution, 372374, 378, 425, 517, 541, 543, 547, 596, 649
culture, 45, 144, 366367, 376, 381, 407, 522
Vietnamese, 5, 144, 150, 152, 226
cyclo drivers, 144, 474
Czechoslovak Communist Party (KSC), 653654
Czechoslovakia, 370, 514515, 525, 526, 593, 600, 649, 651, 653655
Đà Lạt, 157, 159, 239, 241, 296
Đà Nẵng, 11, 3839, 46, 144, 254, 258, 355356, 413, 473, 479
Đa Nhim, 613, 615
Dabonka, John, 141
Đại Việt, 350, 351, 359
“Daisy” ad, 330
Đắk Lắk, 238, 242, 243244
Đắk Nông, 238
Dallas, 326
Đặng Kim Giang, 376377, 379380
Đặng Thùy Trâm, 221
Darlac, 242, 243, 248, 250, 252, 255
đấu tranh, 122, 127
Davidson, Brigadier General Phillip, 267268
Davidson, Carl, 397
Davies, Harold, 564
Davis, Angela, 385
Davis, Judy, 102, 442
de Beauvoir, Simone, 620
de Gaulle, Charles, 183, 552558, 560, 569, 595596
de-Americanization, 55
death tolls, 262, 467, 641, 644. See also hostile action, personnel killed by
comparative, 279280
decolonization, 2, 68, 18, 517, 519, 568, 648, 663
de-escalation, 285, 299, 362, 416, 631
defections, 128, 249, 288
Defense Department, 63, 101, 107, 113, 273, 476, 630, 641
Defense Intelligence Agency, 269
deference, 15, 543, 544
deferments, 84, 335, 419
deficits, 334, 535, 546, 637, 640
defoliants, 180, 221, 335, 445
DeForest, Orrin, 131
DeGroot, Gerard, 209
Dellinger, David, 383
demilitarized zone (DMZ), 37, 41, 44, 163, 291, 297, 461, 463, 497, 587
democracy, 81, 109, 157, 332, 337, 410, 419, 648649, 657, 662664
Democratic National Convention, 17, 399, 514
Democratic Party, 299, 318, 341, 387, 390, 397, 403, 571, 603, 604
democratic reforms, 180, 353, 363, 655
Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN), 1011, 195, 365, 367371, 372374, 378379, 514515, 524526, 579580, 595596. See also North Vietnam
authorities, 367, 371, 374
decision-makers, 366
diplomats, 588, 597
domestic security and politics at beginning of war, 370373
factional infighting and the campaign against “modern revisionism,” 365369
leaders, 539, 581, 594, 600
politics, 365381
“Revisionist Anti-Party affair,” 374381
security apparatus, 367, 370, 376, 379
Democrats, 321325, 329330, 339, 341, 385, 435, 603
southern, 324, 326, 444
demonstrations, 203, 355356, 383, 424, 432, 438, 442, 566, 577
demonstrators, 110, 335, 535, 566, 619
Deng Xiaoping, 539
Denmark, 513
Denton, Gina, 385
Descent into Darkness, The, 97
Desert Storm, Operation, 79
deserters, 150, 164, 166, 167, 200, 201, 392, 422, 503, 621
détente, 447, 546, 574, 601, 651
Detroit, 414, 528
Devillers, Philippe, 176
Dewey Canyon III, Operation, 392
Di Linh, 204
diaries, 191192, 199, 202, 203, 205206, 210, 216, 539
Diễm, Bùi, 352, 362
Điện Biên Phủ, 157, 185, 239, 240, 376, 379, 551, 559, 629, 631
Đinh Chân, 379
Dinh điền program, 241
Đinh Đức Thiện, 497
Định Tường, 295, 479480
Dinh Vinh, 200
diplomacy, 219220, 338, 538, 541, 558, 582, 585586, 598, 600, 602
international, 587, 592, 601602, 657
of escalation, 586589
Vietnam, 596, 598, 601602
diplomatic solution, 554, 556, 560, 652
diplomats, 182, 218, 223, 245, 368, 373, 375, 606
female, 222
Dirksen, Everett, 328, 331, 333, 340
discrimination, 16, 247, 357, 411414, 424, 521
diseases, 151, 200201, 212, 219, 229, 265
disobedience, civil, 382, 387, 396
dissent, 349, 371, 382, 384, 424, 433, 510, 511, 565566, 661
antiwar, 9, 16, 18, 384390, 396, 403
GIs, 213, 390392
popular, 650
districts, 49, 121, 125126, 130, 164166, 179, 502
diversity, 3, 363, 382, 384385, 460, 663
DMZ (demilitarized zone), 37, 41, 44, 163, 291, 297, 461, 463, 497, 587
Đỗ Đức Kiên, 376, 379
Đỗ Phát Quang, 594
doctors, 84, 9495, 221
medical, 210, 494, 501
Dohrn, Bernadine, 514
dollars, 93, 473, 474475, 613, 614, 616617, 631, 633, 635636, 639640
Dombrowski, Edmund, 436
domestic politics, 4, 365, 534, 543, 550, 574, 579, 601, 602
Dominican Republic, 303, 316, 571
domino theory, 304305, 307310, 317, 321, 326
psychological, 309, 311
Đông Triều, 497
Đồng Vӑn Khuyên, Lieutenant General, 163
Donovan, David, 141
Donovan, Hedley, 461
donut dollies, 108111, 112
D’Orlandi, Giovanni, 592593, 600
Douglas-Home, Alec, 561
Dover Delaware Air Force base, 90
Dow Chemical, 335, 395
draft, 109, 111, 350, 354, 358, 399, 403, 419, 425, 521
cards, 335, 382, 401
files, 395396, 401
resistance, 389, 395396, 403, 420, 527
system, 160, 423, 430
draftees, 84, 191, 196199
drugs, 9293, 141
DRVN. See Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN)
Dubcek, Alexander, 653654
Duiker, William J., 284, 286
Dulles, John Foster, 408, 606
Dương Bạch Mai, 366
Dương Vӑn Minh, General, 123, 485, 554, 569
Dutschke, Rudi, 513, 515, 577
Eagle Bowl, 147148
East Berlin, 526
East Germans, 366, 369, 371372, 375376, 516, 570
East Germany, 366, 369, 370, 371372, 375376, 515516, 570, 654
embassy, 372, 375
news agencies, 368, 369
“east of Suez” position, 558, 561563
Easter Offensive, 127, 158, 209, 447, 469, 481
Eastern Europe, 321, 328, 367368, 370, 514515, 651, 653655, 658
economic aid/assistance, 118, 179, 472, 475477, 485, 490, 539, 585, 612, 633
economic development, 18, 52, 475, 478, 490, 644
economic effects, 636, 638, 643
economic growth, 20, 306, 607, 613, 636, 642
economics, 605, 625647
crisis of Pax Americana, 631641
political economy of war, 626630
resurgence of East Asia, 641646
economists, 334, 475, 630, 638
economy, 20, 229, 334, 339, 371, 472, 474, 486, 490, 636639
agricultural, 142, 643
civilian, 149, 642
Êđe, 236
editors, 16, 312, 428, 455, 510
education, 143, 228, 269, 416417, 439, 485, 622, 633
Egypt, 537, 541, 587
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 60, 61, 118, 304306, 324325, 331, 408, 530, 573, 582
elections, 322, 325, 330331, 334, 340, 342, 353360, 487, 586, 588
midterm, 321322, 323, 331
presidential, 11, 333, 337, 343, 358, 418
Electoral College votes, 330, 341
Elegant, Robert, 470
Elliott, David, 479480, 484
Elliott, Dương Vân Mai, 144145
Ellsberg, Daniel, 314, 580
embassies, 15, 337, 344, 359, 362, 368, 371, 375, 453, 456
embassy officials, 351, 361
Emory Wheel, 428
enclaves, 39, 45
Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War, 118
engineers, 74, 196, 221, 569, 630
Enterprise, USS, 621
entertainments, 113, 137, 143, 145148, 481
Erhard, Ludwig, 568571, 573575, 577
Erler, Fritz, 572, 575
Ernst, John, 394
escalation. See Introductory Note
ethnic minorities, 236259, 503
Buôn Enao and Operation Switchback, 240253
cadres, 242
colonial trajectories and French Indochina War, 238240
Highlanders and American War in Vietnam, 254258
ethnicity, 9, 422, 430
ethnonyms, 236, 238, 242
European Defence Community, 551, 581
evacuation hospitals, 103105, 107, 111
evacuations, 151, 371, 374
humanitarian, 235
Even the Women Must Fight, 220
evening newscasts, 457, 464, 467, 469
exports, 491, 541, 604, 612, 614, 616, 628
Japanese, 612, 613, 616
F-105s, 70, 72
F-4s, 7273
factions, 255256, 365366, 377, 388, 488, 571, 577, 645
FULRO, 255, 258
internal infighting, 379, 381
Fair Campaign Practices Code, 330
families, 142144, 158159, 197200, 206207, 214215, 219, 223, 231233, 234, 489490
middle-class, 335, 489
Fanfani, Amintore, 589, 600
farmers, 45, 120, 143, 193, 197, 206, 326, 378, 485, 491
subsistence, 142, 245
FBI, 316, 419
FDR. See Roosevelt, Franklin D.
fear of death, 89, 200, 212
Featherstone, Ralph, 620
Federal Republic. See Germany
Federal Reserve, 639640
federal spending, 637638, 640
Felt, Admiral Harry D., 454
female diplomats, 222
feminists, 386, 525
fertilizers, 485, 491, 615
Fifth Republic, 552
fighter-bombers, 276277
Filipinos, 102, 236, 417
films, 83, 97, 176, 367, 368, 414, 450451, 458, 464465, 468469
foreign, 367
firebases, 92, 136, 169170, 477
firepower, 2930, 36, 43, 73, 79, 157, 165, 167169, 245, 479
United States, 47, 167168, 171, 173, 458
Firestone, Shulamith, 386
First Indochina War. See French Indochina War
First World, 157, 512515, 517, 520
fishing boats, 261, 502
FitzGerald, Frances, 48, 386
flags, 251, 412, 436, 437, 517, 583
Confederate, 411, 413
United States, 433, 436, 442
Flaming Dart, Operation, 565
Fleet Marine Force, Pacific, 41
Flores, David, 430
Florida State University, 109
flowers, 330, 383, 619
FNGs. See “fucking new guys” (FNGs)
FOIA. See Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)
Foisie, Jack, 50
Foley, Michael S., 394, 402403
Fonda, Jane, 384, 526
food, 72, 79, 139, 146, 150, 151, 194, 201, 245, 501502
Forbes, Captain Juanita, 111
forced draft urbanization, 187, 479480
forcible relocation, 123, 125
forests, 69, 211, 238, 255. See also jungles
Fort Benning, 85, 96, 109
Four Hours in Mỹ Lai, 97
Fourth Republic, 550, 552
foxholes, 89, 92, 94
fragging, 9394, 392
France, 239240, 407, 408, 409, 410, 474, 550558, 559, 581, 628, 629, 631632
army, 156, 239
colonialists, 193, 203, 407
defeat, 157, 160, 306, 408
Fifth Republic, 552
Fourth Republic, 550, 552
governments, 527, 551, 555
in American War, 407408
leaders, 553, 554, 629
officials, 134, 409, 551, 628
Second Empire, 627
free fire zones, 77, 90, 479
Free Speech Movement, 385
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), 580
French Indochina War, 10, 157, 159, 238, 247, 254, 344, 348, 493, 501
and ethnic minorities, 238240
FRG. See Germany
Friedan, Betty, 386
Friendly, Fred, 332333
Front de Libération de Champa, 250
Front de Libération des Hauts-Plateaux du Champa, 252
Front de Libération du Kambuja Nord, 252
Front de Libération du Kampuchea Krom, 250
Front de Libération du Pays Montagnard du Sud-Indochinois, 252
frontiers, 137, 203, 625626, 630
frontlines, 13, 165, 540, 664
Fu Manchu (character), 425
“fucking new guys” (FNGs), 8586
Fuerbringer, Otto, 455456
Fujian, 486
Fulbright, William, 313314, 317, 329, 332, 340
FULRO (Front Unifié de Libération des Races Opprimées), 249253, 255259
factions, 255, 258
headquarters, 255256
leaders, 258
Furies, 399
Furlong, Major General Raymond, 276
GAA. See Gay Activists Alliance (GAA)
Galbraith, John Kenneth, 584
Gallup, 440, 565
games, 108, 110, 113, 436, 490
Garfinkle, Adam, 401
Gay Activists Alliance (GAA), 400
gay liberation, 398399
GCI (ground-controlled intercept) system, 70
GCMA (Groupement de commandos mixtes aéroportés), 240
GDP, 633638, 641642
gender, 9, 16, 109, 111, 218, 430, 510511, 520, 522
general offensive, 183, 184185, 209, 270, 284286, 292, 293, 375, 379380, 541
general uprisings, 178, 183, 184185, 186, 195196, 284, 288, 297, 374, 380
generals, 171, 343344, 345347, 348, 352, 354357, 359, 363, 485487, 489490. See also individual names
Geneva Accords, 6, 119, 175, 177, 240, 271, 482, 551, 576, 581
Geneva Conference, 240, 539, 551, 556, 559, 561562, 565
legacies, 581586
genocide, 389, 504, 620
George, Phyllis, 147
Georgia, 85, 96, 109, 326, 327, 428429, 653
Germany, 61, 278, 407, 411412, 511512, 521, 550551, 568571, 572577, 657658
Bundeswehr, 570, 572573
CDU parliamentary group, 571, 575
CSU, 571
East, 372, 515516, 654
people, 277, 411, 568, 570571, 573
SPD leaders, 571572, 575
Third Reich, 411, 549
Gia Định, 290
Gia Long, 628
Gialai, 210, 238, 242
Gie Triêng, 236
Gill, Gerald, 114
Gimmler, Raymond, 433
girlfriends, 91, 103, 108, 143, 233
GIs, 103, 106, 108, 112, 138, 140, 219, 231, 413, 418419
dissent, 390392
movement, 391392
newspapers, 149, 391
Global 1968, 648664
global Cold War, 2, 5, 559, 664
global consciousness, 510, 648, 664
global economy, 612, 617, 626, 628, 646
global production, balance of, 627
global public sphere, 509510, 511512, 514, 528
global revolution, 309, 518, 544, 648
Global South, 18
global upheaval, 606, 648649, 660
globalization, 625, 628, 630
Gò Công, 295
Golden Fleece, Operation, 45
Goldwater, Barry, 312, 314315, 327330, 334, 435, 443448
Gomułka, Władysław, 590
Gonzáles, Rudolfo “Corky,”390
goods, 63, 69, 137, 148149, 227, 229, 474478, 490, 501502, 613
Goodwin, Richard, 303304, 319320, 333
GOP. See Republican Party
Gordon, John, 113
Gore, Albert, 313
Goulding, Philip, 460
Government of South Vietnam. See GVN
GPA (Grade Point Average), 84
Great Britain. See United Kingdom
Great Depression, 408, 628
Great Leap Forward, 530
Great Society, 15, 65, 317, 321342, 403, 409, 638, 640
Green Berets, 425
Greene, General Wallace M., Jr., 43
Gregory, Dick, 526
grenades, 86, 93, 151, 212
grenadiers, 88
Gromyko, Andrei, 556, 591592
ground war, 6, 1113, 7072, 74, 328, 334, 443. See also individual armies/operations
Groupement de commandos mixtes aéroportés (GCMA), 240
growth, economic, 20, 306, 607, 613, 636, 642
Gruening, Ernest, 313
Guam, 73, 76, 262, 610
Guatemala, 517
guerrilla warfare, 14, 189, 208, 519520, 540, 543
guerrillas, 34, 127, 241242, 249, 254, 266268, 625
Guevara, Ernesto Che, 509, 517, 657
Gullion, Edmund, 588
guns, 87, 205, 334, 338, 383, 386, 501, 561
Gustafsson, Mai Lan, 227
GVN (Government of South Vietnam), 31, 35, 52, 55, 182, 483
Hà Đông, 192
Hà Nam, 204
Hà Tây, 497
Hà Tĩnh, 502
Hải Dương, 199, 204, 500
Hải Hậu, 497
Hải Phòng, 64, 65, 67, 497499, 502, 564, 589, 593
hair, 9394, 100
Haiti, 418
Halberstam, David, 304, 455456, 470
Haldeman, H.R., 340
Hall, Mitchell K., 396
Halleck, Charles, 328
Hàm Rồng, 497
Hamburger Hill, 83
Hamlet Evaluation Survey (HES), 126, 269271
hamlets, 34, 39, 4344, 4954, 95, 126, 142, 164166, 269271, 479
Haneda airport, 623
Hanoi, 6567, 175178, 183185, 281282, 368377, 379380, 442443, 497500, 582602, 644647. See also North Vietnam
harassment, 50, 231232, 233, 479
Hard Hat Riot, 387
Harkins, General Paul, 181182, 247, 250, 261, 266
Harriman, Averell, 583, 590, 596597, 601
Harris, David, 395
Harris, J.P., 245, 248
Harris, Lou, 329
Harsch, Joseph C., 464
Harvard University, 140, 479, 595
Hậu Lộc, 500
Haut-Donnaï, 242
Hauts Plateaux du Champa, 250253
Hauts Plateaux du Sud-Indochinois, 253
Havens, Thomas, 618
Hawaii, 75, 412, 608
Hawkridge, Cornelius, 148149
Hayden, Tom, 384, 514, 519, 526
Hayes, Vivian, 115
health, 191, 645
care, 111, 229, 269
public, 126, 228, 501
hearings, 132, 299, 332333, 593
hearts and minds, 9, 27, 78, 117, 155, 161, 478
Heath, Edward, 567
Helgoland, SS, 572
helicopters, 11, 73, 7576, 108, 139, 147, 181, 276, 468
Heller, Joseph, 579
Helms, Richard M., 125
Henderson, William Darryl, 205
heroines, 203, 220, 519
Herring, George C., 580, 594, 597
Hershey, Lewis, 386
HES (Hamlet Evaluation Survey), 126, 269271
Heschel, Rabbi Abraham, 396
Hickenlooper, Bourke, 328
Hickey, Gerald C., 241, 255, 257, 480481
Higgins, Marguerite, 456
High National Council (HNC), 350351
high schools, 184, 660
highland provinces, 238, 242, 244245
Highlanders, 236, 238, 241246, 247249, 252259
Central, 237, 253, 259
militia, 247248, 251252, 256
Highlands, 121, 236238, 239, 242243, 245, 254, 256, 258259
hijackings, 148149
hippies, 385, 414, 439
Hmong, 424
HNC. See High National Council (HNC)
Hồ Chí Minh, 151152, 345346, 494, 496, 499500, 505, 530531, 539540, 591, 597598
Trail, 34, 37, 220221, 245, 247, 248249, 268, 277, 281282, 289
Hòa Bình, 497
Hòa Hảo, 488
Hoa Hiep, 28
Hỏa Lò, 376
Hoa Lộc, 500
Hóa Sơn, 203
Hoàng Đức Nhã, 486
Hoằng Hóa, 500
Hoàng Minh Chính, 366, 375377, 380
Hoàng Thế Dũng, 375
Hoằng Trường, 500
Hoàng Vӑn Thái, General, 201
Hoang Vi Mai, 205207, 210, 212, 215
diary, 205206
Hoàng Xuân Lãm, Lieutenant General, 169
Học Tập, 367, 372, 376, 378
Hoeffding, Oleg, 71
Hoisington, Colonel Elizabeth, 106
Holland, Sylvia Lutz, 103105, 107
Holm, Jeanne, 106
home villages, 166, 247, 258
homefronts, 6, 9, 1417, 113, 282, 369, 371, 374, 502503
birth of an image, 304307
costs of getting out, 317320
credibility maxim, 308311
dominoes abroad and at home, 303320
North Vietnamese, 493506
second thoughts, 311317
South Vietnamese, 472492
homesickness, 151, 214216
Hòn Gai, 58, 497
Hong Kong, 489, 563, 614, 627
Honolulu, 74, 77, 124
Conference, 354, 357
Honor America Week, 437438
“hooch maids,” 143, 219
Hope, Bob, 436
hospitals, 94, 100, 102, 103, 106, 111, 134, 212, 493, 501
hostile action, personnel killed by, 264, 273276, 279280
house arrest, 256, 348, 375376
Houser, Pinkie, 106
Hrê, 236, 243
Huế, 155, 158159, 164, 165, 170171, 292, 294, 296297, 355356, 489
Huey helicopters, 73, 86, 91, 170
Hughes, Richard L., 400
human rights, 20, 419, 422
humanitarian evacuations, 235
Humphrey, Hubert, 318, 320, 330342, 592
Hungary, 370, 380, 583, 590, 593, 601, 654, 658
Hunt, David, 142
Hunt, George, 27
Hunt, Richard A., 118
Huntington, Samuel, 187, 479
husbands, 223, 226, 234, 520
Huston, Tom Charles, 439
I Wor Kuen, 425
Ia Drang valley, 12, 37, 7577, 184, 281, 588
ICC. See International Control Commission (ICC)
ICEX. See Intelligence Coordination and Exploitation (ICEX)
ideologies, 8, 18, 72, 155, 203, 216, 222, 386, 495, 510
political, 163, 510, 516, 650
unifying, 160, 163
Ikeda Hayato, 612
ILWU. See International Longshoremen’s and Warehousemen’s Union (ILWU)
imports, 63, 151, 367, 474475, 482, 485, 486, 490491, 616
imprisonment, 130, 243, 361, 650, 660, 662663
income, 139140, 142, 224, 227, 234, 443, 491, 612
independence, 18, 109, 156, 157, 161, 177, 202204, 500, 552553, 556
national, 193, 518, 527, 552, 656, 659
India, 18, 305, 308, 537, 572, 582584, 587, 592, 597
Indian Ocean, 306, 626
Indians, American. See Native Americans
Indochina wars
First/French, 10, 157, 159, 238, 247, 254, 344, 348, 493, 501
Second, 1, 3, 17, 20, 236, 370, 519, 579
Indonesia, 1819, 236, 238, 305306, 308, 537, 561, 562, 583, 587
Industrial Revolution, 626627
industrial web theory, 6162
inequality, 140, 386, 406, 511
infantry, 8486, 140, 145, 265, 417
divisions, 54, 95, 112, 205
infantrymen, 46, 85, 150
infiltration, 33, 41, 200, 205, 209, 211, 247, 287, 295, 422
inflation, 143144, 229, 352, 388, 478, 490491, 635, 639640
infrastructure, 52, 135, 153, 267, 322, 408, 473, 478, 628
Institute of Philosophy, 366, 375376
insurgency, 10, 11, 3235, 39, 4547, 51, 64, 175176, 343, 346
civil rights, 411, 421
communist, 10, 28, 104, 164, 306, 539, 542, 544, 595, 598
insurgents, 117, 134, 136, 146, 148, 151, 475, 478479, 481, 484
local, 41, 48
intellectuals, 194, 203, 367, 381, 384
intelligence, 47, 54, 130131, 245, 261, 267, 290291, 293294, 295
analysts, 105, 266, 293294
officers, 107, 268, 293
reports, 41, 245, 293
Intelligence Coordination and Exploitation (ICEX), 131
International Chemical Workers Union, 388
International Control Commission (ICC), 183, 539, 581585, 587
International Cooperation Administration, 630
International Longshoremen’s and Warehousemen’s Union (ILWU), 388
International Marxist Group, 566
international peace initiatives, 579603
approaching Tet and Paris, 598601
diplomacy of escalation, 586589
Geneva’s legacies, 581586
Johnson’s bombing pause, 590592
Marigold, 592596, 597, 600601, 603
Soviet Union as mediator, 596598
international radicalism
and antiwar protest, 509528
and global public sphere, 511519
heroism of the subaltern and ubiquity of anti-imperialism, 519525
“two, three, many Vietnams,”526528
international solidarity, 516, 650, 658
international support, 462, 562, 569, 655
International Volunteer Service, 243, 254
internationalism, 385, 421, 515, 564, 657
interrogations, 130, 136, 189
intervention, 6, 18, 114, 167, 304, 316, 364, 406408, 629, 631
interviews, 51, 158, 220, 227, 307308, 454, 480, 484, 568
Intrepid, USS, 621
invasion, 32, 169, 398, 516, 591, 616, 628, 654655
of Czechoslovakia, 600, 654655
of Laos, 158, 168169, 170
investments, 149, 153, 549, 615, 623, 628, 646
Iraq, 79, 265, 398, 470, 636
irregulars, 244, 266267
Israel, 570571, 599
Italian Communist Party (PCI), 600
Italy, 321, 589, 658
Jackson, James E., 413
Japan, 61, 278, 305306, 308, 424425, 521523, 604624, 628629, 642, 643
antiwar movement, 617623
companies, 613615, 621, 623
economic growth, 612617
exports, 612, 613, 616
forces, 239, 611
government, 604605, 608, 614615, 618
leaders, 607, 611, 624, 628
people, 617, 621
US alliance, 604, 605611, 624
US–Japan security treaty, 605, 606, 617618, 621622, 624
Japanese Communist Party (JCP), 617618
Japanese Socialist Party (JSP), 618, 622
Jarai, 83, 236, 242, 253, 255, 257
JCP. See Japanese Communist Party (JCP)
Jeffreys-Jones, Rhodri, 388
Jewish War Veterans, 432
JFACC. See Joint Forces Air Component Commander (JFACC)
JFC. See Joint Force Commander (JFC)
JFK. See Kennedy, John F.
JGS. See Joint General Staff (JGS)
“Jim Crow,” 111, 411
Johns, Andrew, 431
Johnson, Luci, 335
Johnson, Lyndon B., 813, 6472, 298304, 316342, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 467, 566, 567, 568, 569, 570, 571, 572, 573, 574, 575, 586590, 636640
administration, 300, 318, 403, 444445, 563564, 572574, 575, 594, 595, 638639
advisors/advisers, 72, 334
bombing pause, 590592
fearing looking “weak” on defense, 325330
goals, 60, 71, 79
ignoring Humphrey, 330332
politics in early Cold War, 321325
Tuesday lunches, 6768, 81
Johnson, Rene, 109, 112
“Johnson’s War,” 9, 72, 328, 334, 445
Joint Chiefs of Staff, 30, 63, 67, 69, 74, 80, 298299, 305, 307, 310
Joint Force Commander (JFC), 79
Joint Forces Air Component Commander (JFACC), 79
Joint General Staff (JGS), 130, 291
Jones Griffiths, Philip, 142, 144
Jones, Howard, 97
Jones, Matthew, 562
journalists, 283, 336337, 367, 369, 375376, 451454, 456457, 458461, 465471, 597598. See also news media
JSP. See Japanese Socialist Party (JSP)
jungles, 83, 85, 8687, 8990, 92, 200, 207, 210, 211, 212. See also forests
juntas, 343, 346, 348, 354, 356, 358, 360, 453, 569
JUSPAO (Joint United States Public Affairs Office), 125
Just, Ward, 51
Kahin, George, 346
Kapfenberger, Hellmut, 369
Karch, Brigadier General F.J., 225
Karnow, Stanley, 295, 479
Katu, 236
Kearns Goodwin, Doris, 319, 341
Kelly, Paul, 141
Kennedy, John F., 1011, 122, 180183, 271272, 307308, 325326, 453455, 471, 552553, 582584
administration, 175, 179180, 182, 444, 452453, 554, 560, 569
assassination, 326, 456
Kennedy, Robert F., 299, 319, 339, 602, 653
Kent State University, 383, 440
Khe Sanh, 7677, 79, 202, 212, 287, 297, 463
and US intelligence, 290294
siege, 69, 76, 78, 608
Khmer Krom, 250253
Khmer Rouge, 252, 256257
Khrushchev, Nikita, 177, 368, 530533, 535, 537, 545546, 583, 586
KIAs, 90, 166, 210211
Kiến Hòa, 130, 360
Kiến Tường, 295
Kiesinger, Georg, 575
Kim Ngọc, 378
King, Coretta Scott, 114
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 20, 113, 335, 389, 396, 420422, 520, 640, 653, 663
Kinh, 237, 259
Kissinger, Henry, 209, 311, 340, 447, 544, 595, 598, 609610
Kiyoshi Kuromiya, 398
Klimke, Martin, 393, 511
Knowland, William, 323
Koho, 236, 242
Kolko, Gabriel, 479, 480
Komer, Robert, 47, 125, 128, 130, 479
Kontum, 238, 241242, 257, 296, 477
Korea, 109, 111, 306308, 323325, 327, 518519, 587, 606, 610612, 613
North, 18, 517
South, 18, 20, 107, 189, 518519, 610, 614, 630, 631
War, 10, 6465, 83, 107, 273, 612, 613, 618, 631, 636638
Koscielski, Frank, 256, 438439
Kosygin, Aleksei, 535536, 540, 544, 546, 596597
Kpӑ Koi, 257258
Kramer, Mark, 655
Kraslow, David, 580, 590
Krepinevich, Andrew, 28, 54
Krock, Arthur, 457
Krulak, Lieutenant General Victor H., 4143, 45, 50, 56
KSC. See Czechoslovak Communist Party (KSC)
Ksor Ní, 240
Ku Klux Klan chapters, 411
Kubota Yutaka, 613
La Pira, Giorgio, 589
labor, 122, 158, 238, 326, 388, 410, 414, 481, 559, 565567
shortage, 482, 483484
unions, 432, 617
Labour Party (UK), 561, 564565, 566567, 587
Lacombe, Tom, 90
Lacouture, Jean, 176177
Laird, Melvin, 412
Lalouette, Roger, 183
Lâm Đồng, 242
Lam Sơn 719, 158, 168, 169173, 468469
Lam Sơn, Operation, 169, 173
Lampert, Lieutenant General James, 113
land, 120122, 126127, 207210, 241, 243, 257, 259, 481484, 606, 608
land, reform, 120, 126, 128, 194, 358, 378, 482484, 642, 643644
landlords, 482485, 643
landowners, 120, 357, 482, 643
Land to the Tiller, 483484
Lang, Vu Van, 199, 215
language, 48, 54, 193, 213, 409, 599
Lanning, Michael Lee, 89
Lào Cai, 497
Lao Động Party, 190, 284, 368, 370, 582
Laos, 58, 69, 169173, 236, 238, 277278, 287, 445, 559560, 582583
border, 37, 287
invasion, 158, 168169, 170
Southern, 200, 276
Latin America, 509, 517, 520, 526, 534, 649
Latinos, 416, 417
laundry, 136, 143, 219, 230, 473
Lavelle, General John, 8182
Lawrence, Mark, 551, 559
laws, 20, 88, 176, 219, 223, 224227, 233, 339, 484, 636
lawyers, 174, 357, 385, 619
Layton, Colonel Gilbert, 243, 249
LBJ. See Johnson, Lyndon B.
LDP. See Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)
Lê Duẩn, 177178, 183185, 195196, 284285, 366, 370372, 380381, 543545, 547, 644646
faction, 366, 378
Lê Đức Thọ, 177, 185, 209, 366, 372, 377378, 380, 544
Lê Liêm, 366, 376, 379
Lê Minh Nghĩa, 376, 379
Lê Quảng Trọng, Colonel, 246
Lê Thanh Nghị, 537538
Lê Trọng Nghĩa, Senior Colonel, 376, 379
Lê Vӑn Lương, 542
leaders, 9394, 185186, 346347, 357, 361, 388, 514, 518, 542543, 609
business, 429, 462, 612, 617
communist, 152, 656
conservative, 449, 607
military, 28, 59, 63, 170, 181, 293, 316, 363, 470, 527
political, 59, 62, 6566, 72, 8081, 443, 446, 519, 521, 525
religious, 16, 350, 660
senior, 47, 541
southern, 78, 177
student, 350, 361
leadership, 9596, 161, 165, 344, 350, 353, 487488, 529530, 535536, 546
party, 43, 177, 178, 284, 366367, 371, 378, 575, 658
political, 8081, 525, 559
League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC), 417
legacies, 1, 4, 67, 59, 79, 246, 345, 493, 642
antiwar movement, 396
enduring, 2, 6, 82, 470
Geneva Conference, 581586
legislation, 223, 225226, 623
legislature, 357358, 361362
legitimacy, 156157, 341, 343, 359, 363, 395, 400, 649, 650, 655
political, 17, 529, 535, 546
popular, 344
LeMay, General Curtis Emerson, 6364, 80
Lembcke, Jerry, 97
Lemnitzer, Lyman, 306
Lenin, Vladimir, 18
Lennon, John, 401
Les Kosem, 251253, 255256
Levy, David, 432
Lewandowski, Janusz, 539, 592594
Lewes, James, 390
Lewis, Penny, 384, 387, 390392, 438439
Lewis, Robert C., 114
Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), 604, 615
liberals, 332333, 337338, 340341
Liberation Front, 122123, 127128, 130132, 242, 250252, 399
Lieberman, Robbie, 394
Life magazine, 2728, 149, 462, 466467
life of soldiers
American, 9195
PAVN, 197202
Lifton, Robert, 98
limited war, 59, 60, 71, 80, 81, 271273, 306, 362, 446, 447
Linebacker II, 5960, 79, 82, 279, 447
Lippmann, Walter, 313, 320, 457, 460
literary critics, 368
Ljubljana, 514
Lộc Ninh, 288
local militias, 32, 36, 4649, 129, 292
Lodge, Henry Cabot, 124, 327, 354, 359, 585, 592593
logistics, 13, 246, 266, 497
Lon Nol, General, 251, 255257
Lon Non, 256
London. See United Kingdom
Long Binh, 85, 105, 111, 230, 295, 296, 413
Los Angeles Times, 50, 424, 457, 470, 580
losses, 152, 166, 169, 186187, 261262, 305306, 314, 315, 465467, 538. See also casualties
Louisville, 394, 419
lubricants, 87, 538, 593
Lực lượng đặc biệt, 246
Luce, Henry R., 455
Lucks, Daniel, 389
LULAC. See League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC)
Lunar New Year, 200, 210, 286, 476, 651
Lusaka, 657
Lưu Động, 380
Lý Long Thân, 486
Lynn, Barbara, 112113
Lyons, Paul, 394
M-16A1 rifles, 8587
M-60 machine guns, 85, 87
M-79 grenade launcher, 88
MAAG. See Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG)
McCain, John, 500
McCarthy, Eugene, 211, 299, 323, 338339, 384, 403404, 602
McCarthy, Mary, 386
McCartney, George, 627
McChristian, Major General Joseph, 267
McConnell, General John P., 64, 7576
McDonough, James, 86
McGill, Ralph, 428
McGourty, Lola, 103
McGovern, George, 313, 384, 388
Macmillan, Harold, 553, 560
McNamara, Robert S., 65, 6668, 260262, 327, 328329, 499, 506, 570, 575, 638
“McNamara’s War,” 9
McNaughton, John, 310, 314
MACV (Military Assistance Command, Vietnam), 27, 3135, 3637, 4142, 47, 5253, 133135, 246248, 261269, 292
commander, 27, 2930, 35, 40, 53, 181, 247
figures, 267269, 297
intelligence, 74, 267, 268
J-2, 267
staff, 74, 133
strategy, 38, 4142, 53
Maddox, USS, 494495
Madison, Wisconsin, 383, 393
magazines, 28, 87, 110, 137, 140, 282, 455, 458, 468, 616. See also news media
Magnitogorsk, 630
Mai Vӑn Bộ, 598
Mai Van On, 500
maids, 143, 144, 473474, 488
“hooch,” 143, 219
Mail Call, Operation, 442
main force units, 32, 37, 4042, 5354, 187, 208, 288, 295, 478
Malaya/Malaysia, 18, 122, 304, 308, 558, 559561, 562, 564, 629
Manchuria, 628, 630
Maneli, Mieczylsaw, 183, 584585
Mang Yang pass, 240
Manhattan, 415, 438, 440
manpower, 43, 45, 50, 53, 66, 79, 113, 155, 163, 549
Mansfield, Mike, 313314
Mao Zedong, 241, 425, 517518, 530536, 540, 543545, 547, 657
Marcovitch, Herbert, 598
Marigold, 592596, 597, 600601, 603
Marin, Manuel, 413
Marine Corps Gazette, 51
marines, 2729, 32, 3556, 73, 79, 8384, 91, 100101, 291292, 458459
Marks, Leonard, 461
marriages, 101, 109, 114, 219, 223, 226, 233235
Martin, Waldo E., 389
Maruyama Shizuo, 618
Marxism, 156, 515
Marxism-Leninism, 193, 206, 644646
mass movements, 16, 347, 383, 392, 397
massacres, 9597, 231
materiel, 73, 146, 151, 408, 473, 614, 629630, 645
Mathis, Johnny, 489
Matlovich, Leonard, 400
Mausbach, Wilfried, 568
Meadlo, Sgt, 96
Meany, George, 387388
media, 9, 16, 170, 268, 323, 330, 335, 439, 461, 471
news. See news media
popular, 426, 648
mediators, 252, 355, 552, 581, 596, 598
medical care, 45, 150, 151, 243, 263, 280, 632
medical doctors, 210, 494, 501
Medicare and Medicaid, 636
Medina, Captain Ernest, 9597
Mekong Delta, 127129, 131, 135136, 180, 182, 295, 296, 479480, 482, 484
Mekong River Development Project, 613
memoirs, 80, 86, 89, 90, 100, 141, 144, 205, 590, 598
memories
personal, 190192, 201, 216
popular, 219, 448, 470
Memories of the Past Two Years, 203
Meringolo, Paul, 88
Mexican Americans, 389, 417, 422, 423, 521
Mexico City, 657
Meyer, Charles, 253
Miami, 394
Michałowski, Jerzy, 584, 590591
Michel, Gregg, 394
Michnik, Adam, 515
midterm elections, 321322, 323, 331
military advisors, 11, 271, 434, 560, 630
military aid, 344, 372, 474475, 529, 536537, 543, 571, 634
military assistance, 179, 474, 631, 633
Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG), 133135
Military Assistance Command, Vietnam. See MACV
military bases, 225, 262, 294, 391392, 498, 513, 604, 606, 623624, 651
military commanders, 10, 16, 125, 149, 250
military coups, 123, 161, 250, 444
military forces, 10, 43, 46, 55, 65, 8081, 163, 168169, 591, 598
American, 32, 59, 235
military installations, 108, 113, 230, 337, 477
military intervention, 15, 19, 303, 316, 320, 327, 334, 365, 451, 553
America, 34, 472, 559
military nurses, 101105, 116, 632
Military Occupational Specialties (MOSs), 8485, 91, 94
military officers. See officers
military officials, 336, 444, 454455
military operations, 6, 80, 180, 246, 281, 452, 453, 457, 458
Military Payment Certificates (MPCs), 229
military personnel, 10, 132, 224, 262, 271274, 280, 452, 495
American, 141, 146148, 149, 274
military police, 231, 383, 411
American, 143, 229
Military Revolutionary Council (MRC), 345348, 350351
military rules, 189, 209, 343, 352, 356, 412
military service, 84, 111, 143, 160, 163, 193, 196199, 210, 411, 415417
military tactics, 37, 106, 220, 255, 523, 547
military training, 4546, 220, 224, 633
militias, 44, 51, 220221, 223, 239, 266268
local, 32, 36, 4649, 129, 292
self-defense, 243, 247, 496497, 500
Mills, Wilbur, 334, 639
mini-Tet Offensive, 275276, 297
Miracle Rice, 484485, 491
Miss America, 147148
Mississippi, 158, 412
Mitchell, Billy, 6061
Mitchell, Edward, 483
Mnông, 236
Mobile Riverine Force, 111
Mobile Strike Forces, 244, 247, 256
mobilization, 274, 368, 371, 384, 503, 524, 527, 620
economic, 642, 645
“modern revisionism,” 365368, 369, 378
modernization, 370, 409410, 479480, 484485, 490, 491, 519, 644, 648, 650
Mohl, Raymond A., 394
Mohr, Charlie, 455456
Momyer, General William W., 74
Mondulkiri province, 252, 255256
money, 144, 473, 476478, 480481, 488489, 491, 636, 640, 649, 653
Monhollon, Rusty L., 394
montagnards, 90, 121, 236, 238, 242, 477
bataillons, 239, 247
Moore, Lieutenant General Joseph H., 64
Moore, Victor C., 592
morale, 198200, 202, 205, 207, 211, 213214, 216, 219, 291, 369370
Morgan, Robin, 386
Morse, Wayne, 313, 327
mortars, 43, 85, 87, 111, 295, 642
Morton, Colonel George, 246
Moscow. See Soviet Union
Moscow Summit, 2
MOSs. See Military Occupational Specialty (MOSs)
mothers, 96, 102, 108, 114, 141, 199, 203204, 213215, 225, 427
Motown, 92
Mountain Scouts, 245246, 248, 256
mountains, 200, 207, 243, 502, 531
Moynihan, Daniel P., 414415
MPCs. See Military Payment Certificates (MPCs)
MRC. See Military Revolutionary Council (MRC)
Muhammad Ali, 521
Multilateral Force project, 574
Murphy, Captain Joanne, 106
music, 92, 102, 108, 150, 369, 391, 649
Muste, A.J., 383
Mỹ Lai, 9597, 97, 231
Mỹ Tho, 142, 181, 186, 295, 296
Myers, General Richard, 8081
myths, 29, 5457, 97, 99, 216
NAACP. See National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
Nagl, John, 29
Nam Định, 197, 204, 459, 497
Nam Hà, 502
napalm, 335, 386, 614, 620, 642
Nasser, president, 570, 587, 590
National Assembly, 343, 358359, 362, 376, 378, 495496
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 389, 420
National Black Antiwar Antidraft Union, 389
National Committee for Responsible Patriotism. See NCRP
National Guard, 273, 383, 414, 420, 440
national independence, 193, 518, 527, 552, 656, 659
National Liberation Front. See NLF
national police, 130, 131132, 186, 286
National Press Club, 283, 462, 610
national reunification, 1, 12, 17, 188, 195, 234, 237, 259, 315, 376, 379, 519, 569
National Review, 312, 446447
National Security Action Memorandum. See NSAM
national unity, 433, 436, 438, 442, 574, 624
National Unity Week, 436, 442
National Youth Pro-Life Coalition, 400
nationalism, 8, 159160, 161162, 190, 202203, 310, 506
American, 421
noncommunist, 155, 157, 166
pro-Western, 553
Vietnamese, 4, 8, 157, 159, 172, 239, 344, 347, 408409, 553
nationalists, 17, 157, 240, 346, 410
nation-building, 34, 56, 117, 119, 134, 225, 472, 474, 638, 650
Native Americans, 390, 413, 416417, 418, 422424, 582, 592
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), 65, 512513, 552, 570572, 574
allies, 550, 573, 602
Navy, 61, 6970, 72, 76, 100101, 410, 413, 498499, 625, 628629
Vietnamese, 260261
war, 493496, 499, 506
Nay Đer, 240
Nay Luett, 242, 255
Nay Phin, 240
NBC, 307, 454, 457, 460461, 464, 467, 468
NCRP (National Committee for Responsible Patriotism), 437
Needham, Ed, 463
negotiations, 222, 346347, 573, 574, 579, 581583, 585, 587, 598599, 601602
Nehring, Holger, 513
Nehru, Jawaharlal, 583584
Netherlands, 658
neutralization, 125, 131, 553554, 555, 559, 561
scheme, 553, 556
New Deal, 326, 409
New Delhi. See India
New Economic Zones program, 259
New Hampshire, 299, 338, 404
New Jersey, 85, 597
New Left, 383, 394, 396398, 404, 513, 514, 525, 576, 618, 622
New Year, Lunar, 200, 210, 286, 476, 651
New York, 332, 339, 383, 387388, 415, 420, 433435, 437, 438, 444
New York Herald Tribune, 456
New York Times, 310, 313, 434, 438, 450, 452, 455, 457, 459461, 464
New Zealand, 19, 306, 308, 512, 560, 563, 631
news media, 336, 450471. See also press
and early battles, 452456
and escalation, 456461
and Tet Offensive, 463466
press as “worst enemy,” 466470
progress or stalemate, 461463
newscasts, evening, 457, 464, 467, 469
newspapers, 333, 335, 367, 376, 391392, 452454, 458, 464, 468, 470471
front pages, 181, 335, 459, 464, 471
GI, 149, 391
international, 459, 500
Newsweek, 453, 456, 460, 464
Ngo Cuoc, 27
Ngô Đình Diệm, 121124, 174181, 182183, 223224, 240243, 245246, 345347, 353354, 454456, 584
government, 72, 119, 123, 180, 182, 218, 234, 248, 453456, 487
policies, 174, 482
regime, 136, 232, 242, 313, 346, 349, 444, 554
Ngô Đình Nhu, 118, 119, 122123, 182183, 224226, 241, 245246, 346348, 554, 584585
Ngô Quang Trưởng, General, 166167
Ngọc, Kim, 378
Nguyễn Cao Kỳ, Air Marshal, 74, 130, 351356, 357363
Nguyễn Chí Thanh, 184, 208, 284285, 368, 371, 372, 375, 379
Nguyen Duc Nhuan, 211
Nguyễn Đức Thắng, General, 129
Nguyễn Duy Hinh, Major General, 171172
Nguyen Duy Lien, 428
Nguyễn Duy Trinh, 591, 599
Nguyễn Huệ Huệ, 156
Nguyen Huy, 197198
Nguyễn Khắc Viện, 151152
Nguyễn Khánh, 123, 250, 348351, 351
rise and fall, 349351
Nguyễn Kiến Giang, 376, 377
Nguyen Lap Duong, 203, 206
Nguyễn Ngọc Loan, General, 186, 356359, 361363, 464, 615, 645, 651
Nguyễn Quang Lâm, Father, 663
Nguyễn Tài Cẩn, 378379
Nguyễn Thị, 219
Nguyễn Thị Bình, Madame, 188, 222, 232, 657
Nguyễn Thị Định, 232
Nguyen Van Chau, 161
Nguyen Van Chop, 500
Nguyễn Vӑn Hiếu, 182
Nguyen Van Lanh, 159
Nguyễn Vӑn Liêm, 186
Nguyễn Vӑn Linh, 646
Nguyen Van Thanh, 162
Nguyễn Vӑn Thiệu, 130131, 169170, 256258, 352, 355, 357, 359363, 483, 485489, 491
Nguyễn Vӑn Vịnh, 376, 379, 541
Nguyen, Dan, 161
Nha Trang, 287, 651
Nhân vӑn – Giai phẩm, 194, 367
Nhut Van Tran, 159
Niagara II, Operation, 292
Ninh Bình, 502
Nixon, Richard M., 333334, 337338, 339342, 440, 446448, 452, 467469, 544545, 609611, 616617
administration, 311, 340, 388, 404, 443, 447, 448449, 468469, 471, 481
NLF (National Liberation Front), 6264, 174188, 232, 243245, 246249, 253261, 269270, 344348, 656657. See also Viet Cong
at war, 183188
attacks, 245, 363, 478, 535
cadres, 131, 186
direction of the Revolution, 177179
infrastructure, 128, 131
launching the Revolution, 179183
leaders, 180, 183184
representatives, 656657
units, 78, 90, 268
Noller, Gary, 9293
Nolting, Frederick, 250, 453
nominations, 319320, 338339
Nonalignment Movement, 222
noncommunist nationalism, 155, 157, 166
noncommunists, 59, 159, 174, 175, 180, 343345, 348, 363364, 549, 554
North American Conference of Homophile Organizations, 399
North Carolina, 112, 115, 412
North Korea, 18, 517
North Vietnam, 1819, 6266, 6872, 196198, 222223, 278279, 493495, 497500, 502506, 644645. See also DRVN
Army. See NVA
bombing, 39, 62, 67, 74, 80, 279, 403, 447, 601, 607
homefront, 493506
leadership, 368, 370371, 373, 375, 379, 381
Ministry of Public Security, 367, 370
soldiers, 211, 212, 216, 220, 499
North Vietnamese, 6264, 7172, 189190, 214216, 222223, 373375, 446447, 538539, 597601, 656657
women, 220223
North–South cooperation, 552
Nothing But a Man, 414
Novotny, Antonin, 653
NSAM (National Security Action Memorandum), 33, 124, 308
nuclear weapons, 64, 74, 329, 576, 609610
nurses, 9495, 100108, 111, 116, 243, 501
military, 101105, 116, 632
Nuttle, David, 243, 248
NVA (North Vietnam Army), 3233, 41, 4345, 52, 54, 63, 163, 165, 169170, 171172
Oakland Induction Center, 383
Oberdorfer, Don, 300, 498
O’Brien, Tim, 89
occupations, 40, 138, 228, 234, 418, 423, 604605, 608, 612, 654
Oda Makoto, 619621
O’Donnell, Kenneth, 329
offensives, 3235, 44, 5355, 247
general, 183, 184185, 209, 270, 284286, 292, 293, 375, 379380, 541
mini-Tet, 275276, 297
Tết. See Tet, Offensive
Officer Candidate School (OCS), 96
officer training, 105106
officers, 40, 45, 56, 265266, 267268, 410, 413, 418, 420, 485
OHIO, 597
Ohio National Guardsmen, 383, 440
Ohio State University, 111
oil, 54, 58, 68, 71, 490, 498, 538, 564, 593, 628
O’Kelley, James, 89
Okinawa, 73, 262, 306, 604, 606610, 616, 618
return/reversion, 608610, 624
Old Left, 383, 388, 618
Olsen, Mari, 589
On, Mai Van, 500
O’Neill, Eileen, 110
Operation Babylift, 235, 426
Operation Desert Storm, 79
Operation Dewey Canyon III, 392
Operation Flaming Dart, 565
Operation Golden Fleece, 45
Operation Lam Sơn, 169, 173
Operation Linebacker II. See Linebacker II
Operation Mail Call, 442
Operation Niagara II, 292
Operation Ranch Hand, 180
Operation Recovery, 126, 187
Operation Rolling Stone, 54
Operation Rolling Thunder. See Rolling Thunder
Operation Smallbridge, 592
Operation Starlight, 39
Operation Sunrise, 123
Operation Switchback, 237, 240, 246, 248, 254, 256, 258
optimistic reports, 283, 296, 298, 452
Oropeza, Lorena, 389
orphans, 231, 235, 426, 472, 493, 615
OSPAAL, 509
“other war,” 119, 124
Ottawa. See Canada
Our Great Spring Victory, 236
overseas Chinese, 486, 490
PACAF (Pacific Air Forces), 73
Pacific War, 605, 613
pacification, 3740, 4243, 47, 117132, 270271, 478479
as uphill battle, 128132
definition, 47, 117
elements, 118, 124, 171
era of special warfare, 119127
programs, 29, 32, 123, 127, 343, 353, 451
pacified areas, 47, 353, 485
pacifists, 383, 385, 576
Packers, 600
Padgett, James, 94
Palm, Edward, 49
Pang, Sandra, 103
parades, 433436, 440, 448
parents, 87, 102, 108, 141, 199, 216, 234
Paris, 186, 188, 541, 543, 555558, 579, 581, 598, 600602, 658
Peace Accords, 257, 382, 615
peace talks, 188, 219, 222, 527, 577, 657
patrols, 39, 45, 49, 8687, 89, 165, 261, 587
ambush, 86, 94
PAVN (People’s Army of Vietnam), 135136, 183184, 185187, 189217, 268, 281282
ambivalent revolutionaries, 202216
armed struggle, 191196
life of soldiers, 197202
regulars, 195, 284, 294
Pax Americana, 631, 641
Pays montagnard du sud, 236, 239, 252253
PCI. See Italian Communist Party (PCI)
peace, 2, 222223, 385387, 539540, 564565, 580, 585586, 589590, 591592, 619
accords, 443, 448
activism, 382, 398
activists, 222, 392, 420, 436
fragile, 2, 6, 356
initiatives, 559, 567, 579
international. See international peace initiatives
negotiations, 127, 372, 377, 558, 655
settlement, 443, 615
“with honor,”59, 431, 443, 447
Peace Corps, 112, 243
peaceful coexistence, 195, 366, 532, 535, 546, 659
peasants, 120, 122123, 142, 144, 183, 187188, 478479, 482, 483, 484, 485, 488, 492
landless, 482, 643
poor, 482
Peiping Polly, 425
PENNSYLVANIA, 598599
Pentagon, 276, 299, 335, 383, 395, 414416, 459, 476, 499, 566
budget, 635, 638
estimates, 635
Papers, 3, 52, 129, 299, 580, 588, 594, 596
People’s Army of Vietnam. See PAVN
People’s Liberation Armed Forces. See PLAF
People’s Republic of China. See China
People’s Self Defense Forces (PSDF), 83
people’s war, 211, 214, 216, 496497, 540
periodization, 23, 304, 511, 519
personal memories, 190192, 201, 216
petroleum, 61, 459, 498, 538, 593
PFs (Popular Forces), 37, 40, 4548, 4950, 53, 164, 256
Phạm Kỳ Vân, 380
Pham Van Chuong, 526
Phạm Vӑn Đính, 154, 158159, 161, 162164, 165167
Phạm Vӑn Đồng, 535, 538539, 542, 544545, 547, 591, 592, 594595, 598
Phạm Vӑn Phú, General, 236
Phạm Vӑn Vinh, 158
Phạm Viết, 377
Phan Cự Đệ, 378
Phan Huy Quát, 351352
Phan Quang Đán, 358
Phan Thanh Hao, 220
Phan Thiết, 295
Philadelphia, 394, 398
Philippines, 18, 306, 308, 418, 614, 628, 631, 658
Phnom Penh, 3, 252, 256, 557, 582
Pho, Helen, 229
Phoenix Program, 125, 127, 130132, 187188, 478
photographs, 114, 134, 137139, 144, 390, 401, 466, 651
Phú Bài, 3940, 45, 147, 292, 295
Phú Thọ, 497
Phủ Thủ Tướng, 345
piasters, 476, 477, 490, 633
pilots, 67, 91, 272, 376, 493, 497, 500, 595
PLAF (People’s Liberation Armed Forces), 135, 179, 180181, 185187, 209, 254, 281282, 294, 297, 371
units, 151, 163, 289
planes, 8586, 276, 303, 355, 426, 460, 497, 500, 609
Platoon, 83
Platoon Leader, 86, 89
Pleiku, 90, 111, 237, 241242, 254, 257258, 296, 477, 562, 565
Plenums, 178, 183184, 195, 284, 285, 366, 371. See also 9th Plenum
Po Nagar. See Les Kosem
POL campaign, 538, 593
Poland, 13, 370, 539, 583584, 590591, 594, 596, 601, 654, 658
Poles, 591, 593594, 599600
police, 128, 132, 227, 233, 437, 440, 618, 623, 653, 662
military, 231, 383, 411
national, 130, 131132, 186, 286
riot, 491, 623
secret, 136, 180, 182
Politburo, 208, 284285, 380, 496, 501, 541, 542, 645, 654
polls, 334, 339340, 402, 404, 458, 462, 463, 466, 565, 570
Poor People’s Campaign, 421
Pope, 593, 660, 662663
Popular Forces. See PFs
popular memories, 219, 448, 470
population control, 478, 481
population security, 2728, 30, 34, 40, 50, 56, 299
Porter, Gareth, 474
Porter, William J., 124
ports, 135, 148, 563, 572, 626. See also individual ports
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), 95, 98
posters, 138, 386, 399, 437, 577, 658
Potter, Paul, 383
poverty, 141145, 346, 397, 420421, 520, 636, 645
power, 67, 151152, 224, 356358, 362363, 465467, 486490, 575576, 623624, 629630
air, 5861, 62, 64, 6667, 7172, 7576, 7781, 279, 280, 328
American, 141, 549, 625, 630
military, 29, 65, 196, 330, 363364, 486, 520, 610, 625
struggles, 130, 362, 379
POWs (prisoners of war), 58, 85, 103, 170, 411, 413, 431, 436, 442443, 448
Prague, 515, 526, 600
Prague Spring, 648649, 650655
PRC. See China
presidential elections, 11, 333, 337, 343, 358, 418
presidential palace, 296, 360, 456, 463, 488
presidential race, 299, 320, 358
presidents, 298303, 318, 325328, 330333, 334, 340341, 451452, 457459, 460462, 465466. See also individual names
Presley, Elvis, 489
press, 262, 267, 315, 317, 354, 358, 466, 469470, 611, 616. See also news media
conferences, 262, 283, 305, 355, 557
corps, Saigon, 455456
PRG (Provisional Revolutionary Government), 188, 222, 224, 232
prices, 77, 282, 315, 318, 477478, 490491, 537, 576, 633, 636
prime ministers, 74, 132, 348, 351, 359, 361363, 535, 561, 607
prisoners, 85, 413
of war (POWs), 58, 85, 103, 170, 411, 413, 431, 436, 442443, 448
prisons, 97, 128, 131, 158, 376, 378, 380, 663
Progress Campaign, 462, 463464
Project TAKEOFF, 128, 131
propaganda, 5, 162, 202, 207, 211, 242, 245, 373, 538, 540
Chinese, 537, 540
machine, 369370
property, 133134, 144, 146, 473
prostitution, 103, 144, 219, 224, 225227, 228229, 233, 480, 488, 523
protest theater, 383, 512
protests, 350351, 354355, 382383, 387388, 395403, 420421, 489, 491492, 617, 622623. See also antiwar movement
Buddhist, 10, 660
campus, 468, 623
student, 511, 649650
province chiefs, 165, 362, 491
provinces, 37, 41, 49, 78, 125126, 129130, 485, 488489, 496, 502. See also individual province names
highland, 238, 242, 244245
provincial capitals, 118, 242, 294295, 403
Provincial Reconnaissance Units. See PRUs
Provisional Revolutionary Government. See PRG
prowar sentiment, 428449
and development of conservative movement, 443449
grassroots activism and American national identity in Vietnam, 432433
PRUs (Provincial Reconnaissance Units), 125, 131132, 187
PSDF. See People’s Self Defense Forces (PSDF)
psychological domino theory, 309, 311
psychological operations, 56
PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder), 95, 98
public health, 126, 228, 501
public opinion, 15, 283284, 327, 334, 431432, 462, 467468, 565566, 569, 575576
public security, 196, 367, 370
public sphere, global, 509510, 511512, 514, 528
Puerto Ricans, 412, 417418, 422, 424
Puerto Rico, 418
Pugsley, Linda, 100, 102103
Pulitzer Prize, 186, 456, 461
purges, 350, 375, 379381, 659
PXs, 137138, 140, 477
Python God movement, 238, 243
Quân Đội Nhân Dân, 367, 375
Quảng Bình, 203, 497, 502
Quang Dien District, 165
Quảng Nam, 38, 238, 243
Quảng Ngãi, 221, 243, 287, 651
Quảng Trị, 159, 191, 205, 209, 291, 296, 469, 497
Quinlen, Paula, 102, 103
Quinn-Judge, Sophie, 365
Quint, Bert, 450451, 461
Quy Nhơn, 102, 139, 287, 413
race relations, 326, 421422
America on a mission, 408410
American, 406407
crisis mode, 419422
France in American War, 407408
linking movements, 422427
race and American women, 111115
race and the military, 410419
racism, 111, 395, 397, 406, 414, 418, 420, 521522, 620
Radai, 83
Radford, Admiral Arthur, 305
Raglay, 236, 253
railroads, 67, 71, 493, 536, 540, 623, 628
Raisin in the Sun, 414
Rakove, Robert, 587
Ranch Hand, Operation, 180
RAND Corporation, 28, 71, 475, 483
Rankin, Jeannette, 386
Rapacki, Adam, 584, 590, 593594
rape, 30, 219, 221, 230231, 523
raw materials, 60, 190, 628
readiness, 60, 368, 544, 593, 602
Reagan, Ronald, 334, 342, 397398, 436, 446, 449
rear echelon, 115, 230
“rear-echelon motherfuckers” (REMFs), 9192, 141
Recovery, Operation, 126, 187
recruitment, 46, 114, 196, 210, 656
Red Beach, 281
Red Cross, 100, 108109, 110, 112116, 442, 572
Red River, 72, 196, 237, 250, 494
reeducation camps, 170, 225, 232
reelection, 12, 279, 299, 324, 567, 599, 652
reforms, 167, 180, 182, 343, 364, 398, 483484, 487, 488, 653654
democratic, 180, 353, 363, 655
land, 120, 126, 128, 194, 358, 378, 482484, 642, 643644
political, 180, 354355, 653
social, 118, 400, 487
refugees, 3, 50, 128, 187, 464, 469, 478481, 485
Catholic, 241, 348
crisis, 235, 480481
urban, 187188
Regional Forces/Popular Forces (RF/PF), 83, 164166, 173
rehabilitation, 376, 420, 615, 640, 653
relatives. See family members
religion, 174, 347, 350, 358, 394396, 410, 510, 520, 650
and politics, 487488
leaders, 16, 350, 660
relocation
forcible, 123, 125
permanent, 288
Remembering America, 319
REMFs. See “rear-echelon motherfuckers” (REMFs)
Render, Frank, II, 412
reparations, 231, 605606, 613, 614
“repo-depos,” 8586
reporters. See journalists
reports
casualties, 90, 467
intelligence, 41, 245, 293
optimistic, 283, 296, 298, 452
Republic of Vietnam. See RVN
Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces. See RVNAF
Republicans, 317318, 321326, 327328, 329, 330331, 333334, 340, 341342, 431, 446
Party, 312, 314, 324, 333, 341, 431, 441, 446447
Senate, 323, 333
restaurants, 411, 477
restrictions, 5, 59, 67, 78, 80, 223, 227, 434, 468
Resurrection City, 422
Reuther, Walter, 388
revisionism, 4, 366368, 377, 378, 535536, 545
modern, 365368, 369, 378
Revisionist Anti-Party Affair, 374, 375, 377, 380
revolution, 150151, 177179, 184, 187188, 193195, 203204, 206, 213215, 543, 656657
global, 309, 518, 544, 648
revolutionaries, 183, 192, 194, 202, 213, 224, 232, 385, 510511, 525
revolutionary movements, 20, 178, 530
revolutionary war, 193, 194, 206, 207209, 216, 536, 543, 546
Reynolds, Debbie, 386
Rhadé, 236, 242, 243, 249, 253, 257258
language, 243
rice, 143, 201, 213, 410, 478, 482, 490491, 494, 628, 643
fields, 63, 85, 99, 141, 494
Miracle Rice, 484485, 491
paddies, 83, 86, 112, 181
production, 158, 482, 486, 644
rifles, 2728, 8587, 162, 165, 212, 289, 504
riot police, 491, 623
riots, 343, 438, 440, 653
Riverside Church, 335, 420
RMK-BRJ, 473
roads, 63, 135136, 141, 146, 221, 257, 299, 397, 497, 502
Roberts, Mary Louise, 230
rockets, 44, 88, 89, 106, 151, 289, 295, 497
Rodgers, Marie, 111
Rolling Stone, 54
Rolling Thunder, 11, 13, 5859, 62, 63, 64, 6572, 75, 77, 7880, 237, 498499
evaluation, 6672
launch, 6266
Romania, 593, 599600
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 321322, 331, 583, 638
Rosen, Ruth, 386
Rossinow, Doug, 393394, 397
Rostow, Walt, 290, 292, 464, 538, 596
Rothstein, Vivian, 523525
Route Packages, 68, 81
rubber, 259, 491, 628
rural areas, 15, 141142, 150, 241, 423, 475, 480, 481482
rural population, 47, 180, 187, 479
Rusk, Dean, 65, 6667, 307, 310, 319, 332, 569, 571572, 588590, 598599
Russell, Bertrand, 513
Russell, Richard, 314, 316, 326327, 332, 340
Russia. See Soviet Union
Rutter, Nick, 515
RVN (Republic of Vietnam), 249250, 253254, 255256, 257263, 279280, 343347, 348349, 361364, 559560, 662663. See also South Vietnam
forces, 263, 265, 270, 280
government, 15, 254, 256, 345, 354, 364, 481
personnel killed by hostile action, 264
politics, 344, 348, 354, 363
RVNAF (Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces), 28, 32, 34, 42, 154, 190, 263, 264, 344345
strength, 263
Ryukyu islands, 604, 606, 608, 610
SAC. See Strategic Air Command (SAC)
Safer, Morley, 457458
Saigon, 99102, 122123, 129135, 179183, 184187, 349351, 456457, 473480, 490492, 582585. See also South Vietnam
officials, 120, 122123, 125
press corps, 455456
regime/government, 3233, 52, 118119, 161, 179, 182184, 187188, 287288, 483, 559560
Saigon at War, 660
Saigon–Berlin analogy, 568, 571
sailors, 413, 497, 621, 632
Sainteny, Jean, 595596, 598
Salisbury, Harrison, 336, 459460
San Antonio formula, 599
San Francisco, 328, 399
Peace Treaty, 605606
sanctuaries, 42, 445, 450
sandbags, 134, 143, 476, 613
SANE (National Committee for a SANE Nuclear Policy), 382383
sanitation, 106, 221, 480
Sansom, Robert L., 483
Sartre, Jean Paul, 620
Sasebo, 621
Sather, Richard, 58
Satō Eisaku, 604, 607610, 616
SAVA. See Special Assistant for Vietnam Affairs (SAVA)
Scarlett, Zachary, 517518
Schakne, Robert, 464
Schaller, Michael, 613
Schell, Jonathan, 309
Schlafly, Phyllis, 444
Schlight, John, 77
Schmidt, Helmut, 572
Schneidhorst, Amy, 387
schools, 129, 134, 493, 499, 501, 525
graduate, 84, 109, 111
Schwartz, Thomas, 563
Schwarz, Fred, 444
Schwarzkopf, General H. Norman, 265
Schwenkel, Christina, 515516
Scotton, Frank, 129
SDF. See Self-Defense Forces (SDF)
SDS (Students for a Democratic Society), 332, 383384, 394, 397398, 404, 511, 513514, 523, 576577
Seaborn, J. Blair, 585586, 589
SEATO. See South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)
Second Indochina War, 1, 3, 17, 20, 236, 370, 519, 579
Second Republic of Vietnam, 345
Second World, 514516
Second World War. See World War II
secrecy, 289290, 348, 378, 583, 586
secret police, 136, 180, 182
security, 3336, 39, 4648, 5055, 118, 136137, 146149, 319320, 606607, 609612
apparatus, 370, 374, 381
national, 321322, 324326, 328, 331, 333, 377, 432, 437, 453, 530
public, 196, 367, 370
treaties, 512, 607, 610, 620
Sedang, 236
See, Jennifer W., 313
segregation, 221, 406, 414
Seidman, Derek, 391392
Sekai, 618
Selective Service System, 84, 272, 386, 395, 419
self-defense, 176, 178, 180, 267, 607
Self-Defense Forces (SDF), 607
self-defense, militia, 243, 247, 496497, 500
self-determination, 18, 421, 525, 571, 619, 653, 664
Senate, 314, 316, 322, 324, 327, 329330, 341, 360
Foreign Relations Committee, 299, 313, 322, 618
senators, 314, 323, 330, 339, 434, 500
separations, 49, 199, 215, 226
servicemen, 93, 101102, 108, 111, 116, 426, 437
Black, 94, 111, 113, 115, 410412, 521
Sevareid, Eric, 588
Seventh Army, 411412, 573
sexual assault, 221, 229
Shanghai Communique, 2
Shaplen, Robert, 43
Sharp, Admiral U. S. Grant, 64, 66, 68, 74, 77, 80, 608
Shastri, Lal Bahadur, 587, 592
Shay, Jonathan, 98
Sheehan, Neil, 181182, 452, 456
shelling, 270, 472, 478479, 481
Shepard, Gary, 469
Shiina Etsusaburo, 607
Shinjuku Riot, 623
ships, 58, 85, 89, 262, 328, 417, 460, 487, 493, 502
shops, 136, 138, 477, 480
showers, 91, 108, 136
sieges, 69, 76, 78, 169, 288, 297, 463, 608, 632
Sihanouk, Prince Norodom, 251, 253, 255256, 556
Silent Majority, 338, 436, 438
Sim, Kevin, 97
Simon, Bob, 469
Singapore, 18, 561, 564, 614
Sino-American rapprochement, 6, 545, 601
Sino-Soviet rapprochement, 536
Sino-Soviet split, 2, 20, 529548, 579, 599, 601
endgame, 541545
slide into conflict, 530532
struggle for Vietnam, 533538
war and diplomacy, 538541
Slobodian, Quinn, 516, 524
slogans, 184, 355, 386, 393, 509, 535, 621, 657
Small, Melvin, 403
Smallbridge, Operation, 592
Smathers, George, 326
Smithers, Lieutenant Colonel Samuel, 44
SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee), 383, 419421
social activism, 347, 398, 429
social movements, 382, 398, 509, 650
social programs, 65, 334, 639, 653
social reforms, 118, 400, 487
social relations, 224225
social structure and political power, 485487
social transformation, 123, 489
socialism, 177178, 183, 192194, 202, 206, 495496, 502503, 506, 514, 515516
socialist camp, 529531, 536, 538539, 546
socialist countries, 367368, 369, 371
socialist patriotism, 193
Socialist Workers’ Party, 383
Sōhyō, 618
solidarity, 390, 399, 509, 514, 516517, 526, 535, 575, 577, 657658
international, 516, 650, 658, 664
political, 516, 528
Sơn La, 380
Sông Bé, 288
sons, 149, 203, 207, 386, 425, 490, 520
Sontag, Susan, 386
Soong Ching-Ling, 532
South China Sea, 73, 236
South Dakota, 313, 423
South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), 555, 559
South Korea, 18, 20, 107, 189, 518519, 610, 614, 630, 631
troops, 230231, 323, 518
South Vietnam, 1216, 3644, 7279, 131137, 138143, 145149, 172181, 182188, 630631, 642644. See also RVN and Introductory Note
1967 elections, Tet Offensive, and Thiệu’s consolidation of power, 358363
and global upheaval of 1968, 660663
army, 74, 179, 252, 283
Buddhist uprising, 354356
cities, 183, 227, 284
forces, 36, 297, 542, 610
non-communist, 38, 59, 62, 64, 71, 79, 145, 281, 549, 592
people, 78, 118120, 129131, 232234, 286288, 296299, 340, 452454, 472473, 660661
politics in, 343344
poverty, 141145
rise and fall of Nguyễn Khánh, 349351
toward a new constitution, 356358
Young Turks, 351, 352353
South Vietnamese homefront, 472492
American withdrawal and end game, 490492
and American presence, 472478
political power and social structure, 485487
politics and religious groups, 487488
problems of land and labor in rural areas, 481485
social and cultural disruption, 488490
war and the countryside, 478481
South Vietnamese women, 223225. See also WAFC
Southern Laos, 200, 276
sovereignty, 8, 202, 240, 246, 259, 344, 408
Soviet bloc, 547, 651, 654
Soviet communism, 624, 641, 648, 657
Soviet Union, 6465, 311313, 514515, 529530, 535537, 539544, 545548, 589592, 596, 597, 653655. See also Sino-Soviet split
aid, 531, 537, 540
as mediator, 596598
embassy, 377379, 586
leaders, 530531, 535, 537, 545546, 654655
leadership, 535536, 538, 654
Spawr, Chad, 88
Special Assistant for Vietnam Affairs (SAVA), 125
Special Forces, 41, 237, 243, 246249, 251, 254255
Vietnamese, 246, 251252
Special Resolution of Urgent Situation and Mission, 196
special war, 495
speeches, 279, 324, 333, 339340, 371, 462, 466, 470, 557, 560
spies, 219, 233, 234, 373, 375, 379
Spock, Benjamin, 384
SRAO (Supplemental Recreational Activities Overseas), 107, 108110, 112115
program in Vietnam, 107, 113114
women, 108, 113, 116
workers, 108, 110, 113
stability, 81, 518, 558, 591, 654655
Stacy, Michael, 111
stalemate, 1112, 184185, 283284, 337, 374, 404, 450451, 461462, 465, 651
Starlight, Operation, 39
starvation, 42, 200201, 212
State Department, 124, 261, 308, 315, 560, 588, 598, 600
statistics, 75, 84, 127, 131, 146, 260280, 632
stenographers, 105, 107
stereotypes, 274, 416, 425426, 439
Stevenson, Adlai, 586, 588
Stiêng, 236
Stiglitz, Joseph, 636
Stone, Major General Charles, 112113
Stonewall riots, 399
Strange, Emily, 111
Strategic Air Command (SAC), 60, 7274
Strategic Hamlet Program, 122123, 180181, 241, 260, 346
strategy, 12, 14, 15, 27, 29, 59, 183, 185, 450, 479
militant, 371372, 381
of attrition, 53, 56
United States, 2757, 451, 556
Strategy for Defeat, 80
Strauss, Franz Josef, 571
streets, 227, 229, 350, 382383, 401, 436, 491, 649, 658660, 661664
Streisand, Barbara, 386
Student Mobilization Committee, 385
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. See SNCC
students, 84, 332333, 346347, 350, 383384, 397399, 428430, 441, 622623, 657660
activists, 157, 397, 523, 620, 622
groups, 346, 347, 354, 397, 428, 617, 620
leaders, 350, 361
movements, 383, 622623
organizations, 347, 419
Students for a Democratic Society. See SDS
subaltern, 510, 519525, 528
Sulzburger, Arthur Ochs, 455
summits, 124, 354, 583, 586, 596, 609
SUNFLOWER, 564, 596597
Sunrise, Operation, 123
Supplemental Recreational Activities Overseas. See SRAO
supplies, 148149, 221, 223, 445, 501, 502504, 506, 536537, 631632, 633
support
base of, 346, 349, 474
popular, 72, 119, 311, 354, 364, 369, 431, 451452, 454, 470
public, 282, 300, 459, 462, 466, 550, 562, 564, 566567, 651
verbal, 567, 571572, 575
Suran, Justin David, 398
Suri, Jeremi, 653
Sutton, Remar “Bubba,” 428429
Sweden, 513, 550, 621, 658
Swerdlow, Amy, 385
Switchback, Operation, 237, 240, 246, 248, 254, 256, 258
Sylvester, Arthur, 457, 458
symbols, 188, 412, 437, 493, 511, 568, 591, 660
Tachikawa, 607, 610
tactics, 1011, 13, 16, 164, 166, 249, 382, 384, 387, 393395
conventional, 28, 37, 245
counterinsurgency, 249, 254
military, 37, 106, 220, 255, 523, 547
Taft, Robert, 321322, 323324
Taiwan, 1820, 306308, 610, 614, 630, 631, 643
TAKEOFF, Project, 128, 131
Tâm Châu, 347, 355356
Tam Kỳ, 159, 294
Tân Sơn Nhất, 105, 133, 296
Tan Xuyen, Lieutenant Colonel, 214
Tan, Stan B.H., 241
tanks, 257, 463, 536, 614, 649
tax surcharge, 334, 338, 638, 640
taxes, 40, 334, 478, 482, 495, 636
Taylor, Maxwell, 307, 351
Tchepone, 169170
teach-ins, 332, 383, 395, 402, 512, 565, 619, 621
Teague, Olin “Tiger,”97
Teamsters, 388
technology, 58, 254, 367, 410
television, 332, 336, 338, 340, 458, 460, 466, 468, 470471, 618. See also news media
coverage, 458, 566
networks, 452, 463, 471
news, 282, 296, 298, 454, 652
Telltale Hearts, 401
Temkin, Moshik, 527
territorial forces, 164166
testimonies, 148, 189, 197, 214, 663
Tet, 155, 200, 286, 287, 290, 293, 465, 598, 601
holiday, 288, 292, 596
Offensive, 6869, 186188, 268, 281300, 361362, 380381, 463465, 651652
and news media, 463466
and Prague Spring, 650655
outcomes, 296300
planning for, 284287
preparations for, 287290
surprise attack, 294296
US intelligence and fight for Khe Sanh, 290294
Texas, 147, 329, 423, 590
Thái Nguyên, 193, 240, 498
Thailand, 7273, 76, 78, 252, 305306, 308, 309, 614, 629, 631
Thân, Lý Long, 486
Thắng, General Nguyễn Đức, 129130
Thanh Hoa Bridge, 69
Thanh Hóa Province, 198, 500, 502
Thanh Nghệ Tĩnh, 204
Theater History of Operations Records (THOR), 641
Theriot, Captain Olivia, 111
Thích Nhất Hạnh, 662663
Third Indochina War, 3, 7, 602
Third Reich, 411, 549
Third World, 510, 512, 515520, 525, 528529, 542543, 545546, 552, 649650, 655658
and Vietnamese communist struggle, 655659
Task Force, 389
Thompson, Robert, 122, 560
THOR. See Theater History of Operations Records (THOR)
“three-front war,” 42
Thủ Đức, 159, 663
Thừa Thiên, 41, 127, 291
Thurmond, Strom, 312, 446448
Tigerland, 85
Time, 455, 456, 461
Tín, Father Chân, 663
Tito, Josip Broz, 587, 590
Tố Hữu, 367368, 378
Tokyo, 607, 615, 619, 621, 623. See also Japan
Tokyo Rose, 425
Tonkin Gulf, 11, 58, 73, 328329, 350, 494495, 533534, 538, 585586, 607
Resolution, 314, 329, 383, 494495, 607, 617
torture, 30, 130131, 136, 189, 232, 660, 662663
tours of duty, 84, 91, 98, 105, 110, 113
towns, 34, 287, 289, 353, 355, 361, 383, 475, 480, 488
Trà Bồng, 243, 258
trade, 229, 491, 615, 647
training, 4546, 83, 85, 86, 96, 161, 164166, 198200, 220, 227
advanced individual, 85, 96
ARVN, 150, 161
basic, 96, 100, 105106
officer, 105106
political, 204, 242
Trâm, Đặng Thùy, 221
Trần Cẩm Hương, Major, 105
Trần Độ, 300
Trần Ngọc Châu, Colonel, 129130, 360
Trần Ngọc Huế, 158159, 161, 162163, 167, 170
Tran Qui, 202203, 206
Trần Quốc Hoàn, 370
Trần Thiện Khiêm, General, 363
Trần Vӑn Hương, 350351, 359
Trần Vӑn Trà, 286287
Trần Vӑn Vӑn, 357358
transportation, 60, 148, 196, 453, 478, 497498, 501502
Trí Quang, 347, 354356
triage, 94
trials, 9597, 131, 186, 349, 376, 395, 645, 653
Trịnh Ngọc Thái, 527
Truman, Harry S., 273, 322324, 327, 332, 581, 587, 638
administration, 322323, 551, 629
Trường Chinh, 178, 378
Trương Đình Dzu, 662
Trương Như Tảng, 76, 174
Tucker, Spencer C., 118
Tuckner, Howard, 461
Tuesday lunches, 6768, 81
Turner Joy, USS, 494495
Turner, Jeffrey, 394
Turner, Karen Gottschang, 220221
Turse, Nick, 230
Tuy Hòa, 295
Tuyên Hóa, 203
U Thant, 586, 588589, 593, 596, 601
Ukraine, 17, 654
Ulbricht, Walter, 570
Ung Vӑn Khiêm, 367, 372, 376
Unified Buddhist Association, 487
Unified Buddhist Church, 347
unit cohesion, 91, 94, 199
United Auto Workers, 388
United Electrical Workers, 388
United Farm Workers’ Union, 423
United Kingdom, 277, 311, 555, 558567, 587, 596597, 602, 627, 631
governments, 558559, 561563, 565
military contribution, 561562
officials, 558560
United Nations, 428, 551, 586
United States, 811, 1216, 278272, 308313, 405410, 554560, 583586, 595602, 622626, 645653. See also Introductory Note
abundance vs. austerity in South Vietnam, 145153
advisors, 119, 125126, 179, 181182, 261, 348, 643
Agency for International Development. See USAID
aid, 175, 182, 426, 474475, 490, 643
air power. See air power
aircraft, 70, 276, 497498, 500
airmen, 6162, 80
and collision of wealth, waste, and poverty in South Vietnam, 141145
and Japan. See Japan, US alliance
antiwar movement. See antiwar movement
Army, 37, 53, 73, 139, 148
assistance, 475, 634, 642
bases, 136140, 143, 146148, 185, 229
bombings. See bombing
Capitol Hill, 310, 313, 316, 333, 602
casualties, 85, 151, 166, 182, 274276, 280, 287, 538, 632
CIA. See CIA
combat soldiers, 8399, 135, 145146, 281, 473
in the field, 8691
life, 9195
Congress, 312313, 316317, 322324, 329330, 331332, 334, 338, 340341, 494495, 638639
FBI, 316, 419
federal government, 326, 421, 423, 426
Federal Reserve, 639640
federal spending, 637638, 640
firepower, 47, 167168, 171, 173, 458
flag, 433, 436, 442
intervention, 34, 89, 48, 175, 195, 344, 347, 349, 352, 358
involvement, 145, 475476, 494, 529, 533, 553554, 556, 561, 649, 658
leaders, 63, 64, 408, 464465, 616, 647
life of soldiers, 9195
little Americas, 135141
military mission, 135
military personnel statistics, 271276
military presence in South Vietnam, 133153
mission, 180, 651652, 664
news media and Vietnam, 450451
officials, 134135, 143, 226, 304, 309, 348349, 358359, 361363, 586, 590
Pentagon. See Pentagon
personnel killed by hostile action, 272, 275
prowar sentiment, 428429
race relations, 406427
Senate. See Senate
society, 15, 16, 20, 432, 436, 439
State Department, 124, 261, 308, 315, 560, 588, 598, 600
strategic foundations of air power, 6062
strategy, 2757, 451, 556
Veterans’ Administration, 101, 632
withdrawal, 35, 168, 364, 448, 490
universities, 17, 378, 395, 429, 493, 501, 622, 649, 658. See also students
upheaval, global, 606, 648649, 660
uprisings, 203, 232, 286, 354, 356, 381, 414, 514
general, 178, 183, 184185, 186, 195196, 284, 288, 297, 374, 380
urban areas, 186, 187, 241, 287, 289, 294, 465, 475, 477479, 480481
US News & World Report, 456, 460, 462
USAF (US Air Force). See Air Force
USAID (United States Agency for International Development), 125, 475, 478, 482
USO, 108, 147148, 429
USSR. See Soviet Union
Utley, Garrick, 457
Van Linh, 200201, 216
Vӑn Tiến Dũng, General, 185, 196, 236, 286287, 289, 375, 379
Vӑn Vӑn Của, 360
Vandenberg, Arthur, 322
Vann, Colonel John Paul, 181, 263
Vatican, 660. See also Pope
VCI. See Viet Cong Infrastructure (VCI)
VCP. See Vietnamese Communist Party
veterans, 83, 86, 95, 9699, 391392, 398, 400, 429, 430, 437438
Veterans’ Administration, 101, 632
Veterans Day, 436, 438
VFW (Veterans of Foreign Wars), 432433, 438
vice presidents, 330, 339, 360361, 468, 658. See also individual names
Victory in Vietnam Association (VIVA), 441443
victory/victories, 2728, 31, 38, 5657, 5960, 264, 431, 443445, 547548, 577
decisive, 284, 285, 321, 324, 379, 465, 547
military, 185, 188, 442, 446, 560, 562, 564, 571, 591, 595
Vienna summit, 583
Vientiane, 3, 582
Viet Cong, 44, 47, 48, 103104, 442, 451, 453, 460461, 483, 519521. See also NLF
Viet Cong Infrastructure (VCI), 187
Viet Minh, 120, 135, 156157, 159160, 232, 239240, 243, 482484, 551, 558559
Vietnam. See Introductory Note
Vietnam era, 222, 382, 416418, 421, 426427
Vietnam Moratorium, 383
Vietnam Regional Exchange (VRE), 137138
Vietnam Solidarity Campaign (VSC), 566
Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW), 392, 528
Vietnamese Communist Party, 375, 645646
Vietnamese culture, 5, 144, 150, 152, 226
Vietnamese debasement, 144
Vietnamese language, 46, 190
Vietnamese National Army. See VNA
Vietnamese Navy, 260261
Vietnamese women, 103, 114, 154, 218235, 386, 523525
North, 220223
South, 223235
Vietnamese Workers’ Party. See VWP
Vietnamization, 5, 127, 130, 132, 276, 440441, 447448, 467, 468, 504505
Village Defense Program, 243, 246247, 258
village surveillance teams, 125
villagers, 4647, 49, 5152, 55, 78, 187, 245, 247248, 478, 484
villages, 3840, 4448, 5052, 5354, 119120, 121122, 164166, 231232, 243245, 458459
home, 166, 247, 258
local, 52, 247, 525
villas, 133135, 480
Vĩnh Linh, 497
Vĩnh Long city, 118
Vĩnh Phú, 378
visas, 527528
VIVA (Victory in Vietnam Association/Voices in Vital America), 441443
VNA (Vietnamese National Army), 156159
Võ Nguyên Giáp, 185, 201, 203, 285, 366, 372, 374376, 379380, 499, 544
Voices in Vital America. See VIVA
volunteerism, 156158, 160, 162
volunteers, 46, 84, 158, 198, 206, 216, 220, 228, 437, 502
VRE. See Vietnam Regional Exchange (VRE)
VSC. See Vietnam Solidarity Campaign (VSC)
Vũ Đình Huỳnh, 376, 380
Vu Quang, 198
Vũ Thư Hiên, 376
Vũ Vӑn Giai, 167
Vu Van Lang, 199, 215
Vũng Tàu, 129, 479
charter, 350
Vuic, Kara Dixon, 101
Vuong Luy, 204, 206
VVAW. See Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)
VWP (Vietnamese Workers’ Party), 12, 17, 190, 192, 209, 366, 369, 377, 381, 582
leadership, 371372, 378
VWU (Vietnam Women’s Union), 524525
WAC (Women’s Army Corps), 100101, 105108, 111, 116, 227228
WAFC (Women’s Armed Forces Corps), 105
Wall Street Journal, 310
Wallace, George, 444, 616
Walt, General Lewis W., 28, 3942, 4546, 4950, 53, 464
war materiel, 13, 148, 286, 289
war of attrition, 90, 207, 210, 282, 450, 478
War Resisters League, 383
“war within the war,” 470
Warsaw, 584, 590591, 593597
Warsaw Pact, 590, 593, 599, 601, 654655
Washington. See United States
Washington Post, 51, 181, 310, 457, 463, 470
water, 9, 11, 91, 99, 127, 141, 201, 241, 485
Watts, J. Holley, 109
WD-40, 87
We Support Our Boys in Vietnam parade, 433, 437, 440, 448
wealth, 141, 150, 152153, 157, 384, 629
weapons, 13, 8789, 106, 146147, 149150, 261, 501502, 532, 536, 541. See also individual weapons
nuclear, 64, 74, 329, 576, 609610
weather, 69, 221
Weather Underground, 397, 514
Weatherman, 384
Wells, Tom, 382, 401
West Berlin, 513, 568, 571, 574, 576577, 630, 657658
West Germany. See Germany
Western Europe, 512513, 549578, 658. See also individual countries
Western Pacific, 306, 607
Westmoreland, General William C., 1112, 27, 2944, 5254, 7476, 266268, 281284, 291292, 294, 298300
Westmoreland’s War, 10, 2938
WFDY (World Federation of Democratic Youth), 515
Wheeler, General Earle, 30, 67, 273, 298
whiskey, 93
White House, 298299, 303304, 316, 317, 319, 326, 335, 341342, 403404, 439440
White, Theodore, 320
Why the Viet Cong Fought, 205
WIDF. See Women’s International Democratic Federation (WIDF)
Wiley, Charles, 437
Wilkes, Major Kathleen I., 105
Wilson, Dagmar, 385
Wilson, Harold, 561567, 587, 596597
Wilson, Woodrow, 18
Wisconsin, 108, 323, 335
“Wise Men,” 299
withdrawals, 127, 170, 185, 281, 314315, 347, 384, 440441, 467, 492
wives, 91, 102103, 108, 199, 215, 218, 223, 234, 414
women, 9495, 96, 100102, 110, 111112, 143, 218235, 385, 523525
American. See American women
Asian, 425, 522523
Black, 113115
civilian, 100101, 116, 219, 229
organizations, 232, 524
participation, 232, 235
rights, 222, 226, 384
SRAO (Supplemental Recreational Activities Overseas), 108, 113, 116
Vietnamese. See Vietnamese women
young, 101, 151, 224, 227, 232, 234, 474, 480
Women Strike for Peace. See WSP
Women’s Armed Forces Corps. See WAFC
Women’s Army Corps. See WAC
Women’s International Democratic Federation (WIDF), 515, 524
Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom, 383, 387
Woodward, Joanne, 386
workers, 143, 203, 373, 388, 439, 461, 474, 491, 658
World Federation of Democratic Youth (WFDY), 515
world revolution, 366, 389, 529, 656
World War II, 68, 13, 8384, 9798, 239, 277279, 321322, 615618, 619, 641642
Wounded Knee, 423
wounds, 8990, 93, 135, 212, 263265, 530
physical, 100101, 116
WSP (Women Strike for Peace), 110, 386387, 524
Xa Loi Pagoda, 250, 349
XYZ, 152, 556, 588
Y Bham Enuol, 242, 249, 250, 252253, 255257
Y Bih Aleo, 242243, 249, 257, 258
Y Dhon Adrong, 242, 250
Y Ngông Nie Kdam, 240
YAF. See Young Americans for Freedom (YAF)
Yamazaki Hiroaki, 623
Yên Bái, 497
Yoshida Shigeru, 607, 612
Yoshimura, Evelyn, 522
Young Americans for Freedom (YAF), 434, 439
young people, 184, 207, 221, 500, 502, 649
Young Turks, 351, 352353
young women, 101, 151, 224, 227, 232, 234, 474, 480
Young, Jennifer, 109, 110
Young, John, 562563, 567
Young, Marilyn, 98
youth, 143, 198, 207, 211, 391, 414, 419, 489, 502, 650
Youth Shock Brigades, 221
Yugoslavia, 514, 587, 658
Yuon, 253
YWCA, 387
Zengakuren, 622
Zenkyōtō, 622623
Zhou Enlai, 534536, 537, 539540, 543, 581, 655
Zinn, Howard, 620
Zumwalt, Admiral Elmo, 413

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  • Index
  • General editor Lien-Hang T. Nguyen, Columbia University, New York
  • Edited by Andrew Preston, University of Cambridge
  • Book: The Cambridge History of the Vietnam War
  • Online publication: 02 January 2025
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316225264.036
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  • Index
  • General editor Lien-Hang T. Nguyen, Columbia University, New York
  • Edited by Andrew Preston, University of Cambridge
  • Book: The Cambridge History of the Vietnam War
  • Online publication: 02 January 2025
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316225264.036
Available formats
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  • Index
  • General editor Lien-Hang T. Nguyen, Columbia University, New York
  • Edited by Andrew Preston, University of Cambridge
  • Book: The Cambridge History of the Vietnam War
  • Online publication: 02 January 2025
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316225264.036
Available formats
×