This paper studies reversibility and transitivity of semigroups acting on homogeneous spaces. Properties of the reversor set of a subsemigroup acting on homogeneous spaces are presented. Let G be a topological group and L a subgroup of G. Assume that S is a subsemigroup of G with nonempty interior. It is presented a study of the reversibility of the S-action on $G/L$ in terms of the actions of S and L on homogeneous spaces of G. The results relate the reversibility and the transitivity of S in $G/L$ with the minimality of the action of L on homogeneous spaces of G. In addition, sufficient conditions for S to be right reversible in G if S is reversible in $G/L$ are presented.

Since the publication of “What is the Current and Future Status of Digital Mental Health Interventions?” the exponential growth and widespread adoption of ChatGPT have underscored the importance of reassessing its utility in digital mental health interventions. This review critically examined the potential of ChatGPT, particularly focusing on its application within clinical psychology settings as the technology has continued evolving through 2023 and 2024. Alongside this, our literature review spanned US Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) validations, assessments of the capacity to interpret human emotions, analyses concerning the identification of depression and its determinants at treatment initiation, and reported our findings. Our review evaluated the capabilities of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4.0 separately in clinical psychology settings, highlighting the potential of conversational AI to overcome traditional barriers such as stigma and accessibility in mental health treatment. Each model displayed different levels of proficiency, indicating a promising yet cautious pathway for integrating AI into mental health practices.

Reducing antimicrobial exposure by limiting the duration of therapy is an effective antimicrobial stewardship strategy. In this article, we describe the impact of modification of the electronic health record to remove default durations of therapy on ambulatory antibiotic prescriptions issued from emergency departments in a large, multicenter health system.

This paper deals with the exponential separation of type II, an important concept for random systems of differential equations with delay, introduced in Mierczyński et al. [18]. Two different approaches to its existence are presented. The state space X will be a separable ordered Banach space with $\dim X\geq 2$, dual space $X^{*}$, and positive cone $X^+$ normal and reproducing. In both cases, appropriate cooperativity and irreducibility conditions are assumed to provide a family of generalized Floquet subspaces. If in addition $X^*$ is also separable, one obtains an exponential separation of type II. When this is not the case, but there is an Oseledets decomposition for the continuous semiflow, the same result holds. Detailed examples are given for all the situations, including also a case where the cone is not normal.

Each day a venous catheter is retained poses unnecessary safety risks. In a retrospective evaluation of central/peripheral lines in nursing home residents receiving antibiotics, 80% were retained beyond antibiotic treatment end and nearly one third were retained longer than a week. Interventions for timely catheter removal are urgently needed.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a widespread and complex health disorder. Dietary habits and consumption of simple sugars have been shown to play an important role in the prevention and treatment of MetS. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a population of 3380 adults from the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) employees’ health cohort. The healthy beverage index (HBI) and healthy beverage score (HBS) were calculated. Risk for MetS and its components, including blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, waist circumference, triglyceride levels, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, were measured using standardised protocols. Results showed a significant inverse association between higher adherence to HBI (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.48–0.74, P < 0.001) and HBS (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.65–0.97, P = 0.030) with lower risk of MetS. Also, we observed a significant association between higher level of HBI and HBS with decreased risk of hypertension, as a critical component of MetS. These findings support the notion that healthier beverage consumption, as indicated by higher HBI and HBS levels, may play a critical role in reducing the risk of MetS.

In this communication, the Australian authors – two Indigenous women and one woman with Anglo-Celtic ancestry – take us into Western Australian Indigenous language and worldviews, to help us reach toward a regenerative worldview. Indigenous words such as rinyi, pirlirr, and liyan are explored to point us in a direction unfamiliar to many English speakers, to Land and Country as living and responsive. The authors notice that it is very difficult to describe these terms in English, because English language does not seem sufficiently capacious to describe the depth of relational being-with Country that Indigenous languages portray. This may be changing, as various Indigenous and place-based groups publish their messages to the world. Within a methodology that is poetic and ontological, a storying method is used to illustrate elements of an Indigenous regenerative worldview that highlights the lyrics of life, for hope. It is for change agents who want to be transformative of the ways they participate with Country; and enable children to learn.

Equids are infected by a diversity of gastrointestinal nematode parasites, including 64 species of equine strongyle nematodes from19 genera. Despite numerous surveys of horse strongyles worldwide, certain geographic regions and rare species remain understudied. In 1964, a new species of equine strongyle, Cylicocyclus pekingensis, was described from a donkey in China. Subsequently, this species was recorded in horses from Kazakhstan and reclassified as Hsiungia pekingensis (K’ung and Yang, 1964), the only species in this genus. Since then, H. pekingensis has not been reported elsewhere, with limited knowledge on its distribution and phylogeny.

This study documents the first record of H. pekingensis in North America. Adult specimens were recovered from fecal samples of a domestic horse in Alberta, Canada, following treatment with ivermectin. Species identification involved detailed morphological examination, complemented with sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), 5.8S rRNA gene, and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) regions of the nuclear genome. Phylogenetic analysis indicated a close evolutionary relationship with species from Poteriostomum and Parapoteriostomum genera. Nemabiome ITS2 sequencing of a paired pre-treatment sample also detected the presence of H. pekingensis in the studied horse. Re-analysis of public equine nemabiome datasets further detected H. pekingensis in feral horses in Alberta, but not in other regions considered. This study expands the known distribution of this rare species and enhances our knowledge of its placement in the phylogeny of equine strongyles. Furthermore, our re-analysis of public nemabiome datasets highlights the value of this approach for studying the global distribution of parasite species.

In reply to a recent article in English Today by David Li, it is pointed out that the use of a noun as a premodifier rather than an adjective appears to be increasing in English, perhaps particularly in the area of sports. The Australia team seems to be gaining ground at the expense of the Australian team, for example. Just why this should be happening is obscure, but multiple factors appear to be involved in the change. There are also instances where the change appears to be blocked.

Indigenous Australian art relies on motifs and figures to visually symbolise a traditional story, myth and/or ritual, encompassing a narrated performance. In contrast, digital tracings or ‘finger flutings’ impressed into the soft precipitate covering cave surfaces are not typically considered visually symbolic expressions. Using Koonalda Cave in southern Australia as a case study, the authors argue that digital tracings also operate within a performative space, but without their narrator these undulating lines are rendered silent. Here, emphasis is placed on ritual maintenance or the spiritual propagation of a prized food or trade item that would then ‘rise up’.

Arguing about the stars has rarely been more controversial and dangerous than in the early modern period in Europe, especially in Catholic countries, in a time when old and novel conceptions of the heavens, planetary models and theories of celestial motions and influences were intensely debated, revised and scrutinized for philosophical soundness and religious conformity.1 In the hundred years or so that witnessed the birth and censorship of the Copernican theory; the execution in Rome of the most passionate defender of post-Copernican cosmology, Giordano Bruno (1548–1600), and the rise and fall of Galileo Galilei's (1564–1642) fame linked to his novel interpretation of the book of nature, the Catholic Church created some of the most powerful instruments of cultural control and educational conformity ever seen: the Inquisition, the Index of Forbidden Books and the vast network of Jesuit schools that spread from Rome and the Iberian peninsula across the globe.2

This article explores Francesco Guicciardini’s concept of the imagination and argues that it plays a vital, yet hitherto unexplored, role in his political thought. What are called “imaginary conceptions” determine the effects that different governmental strategies have upon a given society. As these both affective and cognitive conceptions are tied to shared, symbolic representations, understanding informal aspects of political life becomes a crucial aspect of Guicciardini’s construal of effective government. To understand these aspects it is necessary to reconstruct the historical genesis of the communal representations as it determines the specificity of the society under consideration. The historical contingency of a society’s imaginary conceptions forces political theory to “imaginatively construct” the institutional forms it suggests, rather than “discover” them among the exempla of the past. The centrality of contingent, imaginary conceptions to political reality leads Guicciardini to break with former Renaissance conceptions of exemplarity.

This paper unfolds in three steps. First it draws attention to how the import of Babylonian and Assyrian belles lettres can be affected by the manner in which the utterances are ‘voiced’. Second, it highlights interruption as a particular instance of this, proposing cases where characters are likely to be interrupting each other (the first treatment of this issue in Assyriology). Finally, it argues that the distribution of speech formulae in Gilgameš associates one such formula with interruption and aggression more than another.

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from shipping contribute meaningfully to climate change. Despite significant efforts of the International Maritime Organization over recent decades, existing measures are still inadequate for achieving net-zero GHG emissions in the shipping sector and multilateral negotiations hold little promise for improvement. This article considers the polluter pays principle (PPP) as an alternative or additional pathway for tackling marine GHG emissions. The article focuses on the challenges in identifying polluters, which is the key issue that must be addressed before the PPP can be applied. Specifically, the article presents an analytical framework and examines various approaches to identifying marine GHG emissions polluters. Firstly, it identifies the polluter from a general perspective, using three approaches: examining the issue broadly, reviewing international conventions and European Union initiatives that incorporate the PPP, and analyzing selected domestic legislation reflecting the PPP. The article then focuses on maritime shipping, considering specifically two types of contract of affreightment – charterparties and bills of lading – while highlighting key factors in identifying the polluter. In conclusion, the assessment of causal links, along with operational and management decisions regarding the vessel, attribute the status of primary polluter to the shipowner, demise charterer, and time charterer.

This work provides a comprehensive examination of microplastic air pollution in Antarctica. Due to atmospheric microplastics’ emerging importance, analytical procedures and health effects are discussed. Microplastic pollution poses an increasing threat to the unique and delicate Antarctic ecosystem, potentially triggering harmful consequences not only for the local ecosystem and fauna, but also for human health and well-being, given the severe implications of microplastic pollution for global scenarios such as imminent worldwide warming and the melting of polar ice. Numerous investigations have now exposed the extent of microplastic pollution in the Antarctic and the prevalence of both nano- and microplastics in this region, a significant storehouse of the planet’s freshwater. This work also highlights the challenges of assessing the hazards that microplastics, particularly the nanoscale variants, may pose to human health and life maintenance. The results of this work suggest that global mechanisms of microplastic pollution mitigation are critical to microplastic transportation to the Antarctic reaches. This overview provides a better understanding of microplastic pollution in Antarctica while highlighting the urgency of more comprehensive research in this area to elucidate more precisely the short-, medium- and long-term effects of the arrival of these emerging contaminants in the Antarctic.

Consider a pair of elements f and g in a commutative ring Q. Given a matrix factorization of f and another of g, the tensor product of matrix factorizations, which was first introduced by Knörrer and later generalized by Yoshino, produces a matrix factorization of the sum $f+g$. We will study the tensor product of d-fold matrix factorizations, with a particular emphasis on understanding when the construction has a non-trivial direct sum decomposition. As an application of our results, we construct indecomposable maximal Cohen–Macaulay and Ulrich modules over hypersurface domains of a certain form.

The criminalization of humanitarianism has become prevalent in the Global North.1 Overbroad definitions of the crimes of migrant smuggling and the facilitation of irregular migration are commonplace in Europe and the United States,2 despite their well-known perverse effects on the rights of organizers and civil society at large. The “crimmigration”3 paradigm is so pervasive that there is little debate across the political spectrum on the legitimacy of a criminal law response to solidarity-based engagements with non-citizens,4 especially those in an irregular situation. Countries of destination have normalized hostility vis-à-vis (irregular) migrants and their allies and firmly entrenched it in the legal regime. By contrast, this essay aims to illustrate how law can paradoxically also serve as a medium to articulate solidaristic action following an egalitarian conception and mobilization of legal norms. Challenging state-centric visions, such forms of action transform law into a space of coming together across power divisions, jointly organizing, and collectively countering injustice.