Arthur packets have been defined for pure real forms of symplectic and special orthogonal groups following two different approaches. The first approach, due to Arthur, Moeglin, and Renard uses harmonic analysis. The second approach, due to Adams, Barbasch, and Vogan uses microlocal geometry. We prove that the two approaches produce essentially equivalent Arthur packets. This extends previous work of the authors and J. Adams for the quasisplit real forms.

Let $G$ be a finite group and $\chi $ be an irreducible character of $G$. An efficient and simple method to construct representations of finite groups is applicable whenever $G$ has a subgroup $H$ such that $\chi H$ has a linear constituent with multiplicity 1. In this paper we show (with a few exceptions) that if $G$ is a simple group or a covering group of a simple group and $\chi $ is an irreducible character of $G$ of degree less than 32, then there exists a subgroup $H$ (often a Sylow subgroup) of $G$ such that $\chi H$ has a linear constituent with multiplicity 1.

The Ehrenfest urn model with d balls, or alternatively random walk on the unit cube in d dimensions, is considered in discrete and continuous time, together with related models. Attention is focused on the fluctuation theory of the model—behaviour on unusual states—and in particular on first passage to the opposite vertex. Applications to statistical mechanics, reliability theory and genetics are surveyed, and some new results are obtained.

We give here concrete formulas relating the transition generatrix functions of any random walk on a finite group to the irreducible representations of this group. Some examples of such explicit calculations for the permutation groups A4, S4, and A5 are included.