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Sensitivity and Likelihood of Residual Herbicide Carryover to Cover Crops

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2018

Matheus G. Palhano ,
Jason K. Norsworthy  and
Tom Barber
Matheus G. Palhano*
Affiliation:
Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Jason K. Norsworthy
Affiliation:
Professor and Elms Farming Chair of Weed Science, Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
Tom Barber
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Matheus G. Palhano, Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

Research was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of cover crops to a low rate of soil-applied herbicides and investigate the likelihood of herbicide carryover to fall-seeded cover crops following an irrigated corn crop. In the sensitivity study, herbicides were applied at a 1/16×rate (to simulate four half-lives) 1 d after cover crop planting, whereas for the carryover study residual herbicides were applied at a 2×rate at the maximum label corn height or growth stage and cover crops sown immediately after corn harvest. In the sensitivity experiment, atrazine, diuron, fluridone, fomesafen, metribuzin, pyrithiobac, and sulfentrazone reduced emergence of the leguminous cover crops Austrian winterpea, crimson clover, and hairy vetch. However, reduced biomass production of leguminous cover crops in the spring was only observed for atrazine, fluridone, and pyrithiobac. For rapeseed, atrazine, flumioxazin, fluridone, pyrithiobac, pyroxasulfone, sulfentrazone, and tembotrione reduced emergence, but biomass production was reduced only by atrazine and fluridone. Conversely, wheat, cereal rye, barley, oats, and triticale were not affected by soil-applied herbicides. Barley was the only cereal cover crop that showed biomass reduction due to the application of flumioxazin, fluridone, mesotrione, S-metalochlor, and sulfentrazone. In the carryover study, with the exception of crimson clover, Austrian winterpea, cereal rye, hairy vetch, rapeseed, and wheat showed no negative affect on biomass production following a 2×rate of postemergence-applied residual herbicide in corn.

Keywords

Daniel Stephenson, Louisana State UniversityAtrazinediuronflumioxazinfluridonemesotrionemetribuzinpyrithiobacpyroxasulfoneS-metolachlorsulfentrazonetembotrioneAustrian winterpea, Lathryrus hirsutus L.barley, Hordeum vulgare L.cereal rye, Secale cereale L.corn, Zea mays L.crimson clover, Trifolium incarnatum L., hairy vetch, Vicia villosa Rothoats, Avena sativa L.rapeseed, Brassica napus L.triticale, Triticale hexaploide Lart.wheat, Triticum aestivum L.Cover cropscarryoveremergencebiomass production
Type
Weed Management-Techniques
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 32 , Issue 3 , June 2018 , pp. 236 - 243
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2018 

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