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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 April 2025
Glufosinate serves as both a primary herbicide option and a complement to glyphosate and other postemergence (POST) herbicides for managing herbicide-resistant weed species. Enhancing broadleaf weed control with glufosinate through effective mixtures may mitigate further herbicide resistance evolution in soybean and other glufosinate-resistant cropping systems. Two field experiments were conducted in 2020 and 2021 across locations in Wisconsin (Arlington, Brooklyn, Janesville, and Lancaster) and one location in Illinois (Macomb) to evaluate the impact of POST glufosinate mixed with PPO-inhibitors (flumiclorac-pentyl, fluthiacet-methyl, fomesafen, and lactofen, WSSA Group 14), bentazon (Group 6), and 2,4-D (Group 4) on waterhemp control, soybean phytotoxicity, and yield. The experiments were established in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The first experiment focused on soybean phytotoxicity 14 days after treatment (DAT) and yield in the absence of weed competition. All treatments received a preemergence herbicide, with postemergence herbicide applications occurring between the V3-V6 soybean growth stages, depending on the site-year. The second experiment evaluated the impact of herbicide treatments on waterhemp control 14 DAT and on soybean yield. Lactofen, applied alone or with glufosinate, presented the highest phytotoxicity to soybean 14 DAT, but this injury did not translate into yield loss. Mixing glufosinate with 2,4-D, bentazon, and PPO-inhibitor herbicides did not increase waterhemp control, nor did it affect soybean yield compared to when glufosinate was applied solely but may be an effective practice to reduce selection pressure for glufosinate-resistant waterhemp.