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Constraining the physical parameters of blazars using the seed factor approach

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 September 2024

Chang-Bin Deng Open the ORCID record for Chang-Bin Deng [Opens in a new window] ,
Yong-You Shi ,
Yu-Jie Song ,
Rui Xue Open the ORCID record for Rui Xue [Opens in a new window] ,
Lei-Ming Du ,
Ze-Rui Wang Open the ORCID record for Ze-Rui Wang [Opens in a new window]  and
Zhao-Hua Xie
Chang-Bin Deng
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
Yong-You Shi
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
Yu-Jie Song
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
Rui Xue*
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
Lei-Ming Du*
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
Ze-Rui Wang*
Affiliation:
College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
Zhao-Hua Xie
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
*
Corresponding authors: Rui Xue, Lei-Ming Du, Ze-Rui Wang; Emails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Corresponding authors: Rui Xue, Lei-Ming Du, Ze-Rui Wang; Emails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Corresponding authors: Rui Xue, Lei-Ming Du, Ze-Rui Wang; Emails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
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Abstract

The discovery that blazars dominate the extra-galactic $\gamma$-ray sky is a triumph in the Fermi era. However, the exact location of $\gamma$-ray emission region still remains in debate. Low-synchrotron-peaked blazars (LSPs) are estimated to produce high-energy radiation through the external Compton process, thus their emission regions are closely related to the external photon fields. We employed the seed factor approach proposed by Georganopoulos et al. It directly matches the observed seed factor of each LSP with the characteristic seed factors of external photon fields to locate the $\gamma$-ray emission region. A sample of 1 138 LSPs with peak frequencies and peak luminosities was adopted to plot a histogram distribution of observed seed factors. We also collected some spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of historical flare states to investigate the variation of $\gamma$-ray emission region. Those SEDs were fitted by both quadratic and cubic functions using the Markov-chain Monte Carlo method. Furthermore, we derived some physical parameters of blazars and compared them with the constraint of internal $\gamma\gamma$-absorption. We find that dusty torus dominates the soft photon fields of LSPs and most $\gamma$-ray emission regions of LSPs are located at 1–10 pc. The soft photon fields could also transition from dusty torus to broad line region and cosmic microwave background in different flare states. Our results suggest that the cubic function is better than the quadratic function to fit the SEDs.

Keywords

Radiation mechanisms: non-thermalgalaxies: jetsgamma-rays: general
Type
Research Article
Information
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia , Volume 41 , 2024 , e062
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© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Astronomical Society of Australia

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