Hostname: page-component-669899f699-qzcqf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-05-01T00:24:17.131Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Rietveld quantitative analysis of cast super duplex steel

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 June 2012

J. L. Garin  and
R. L. Mannheim
J. L. Garin*
Affiliation:
Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 10233, Santiago, Chile
R. L. Mannheim
Affiliation:
Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 10233, Santiago, Chile
*
a)Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

To interpret highly superimposed diffraction patterns, the Rietveld method together with conventional X-ray powder diffraction techniques were carried out on a series of heat-treated weldments of cast super duplex stainless steel. High temperature processing of this type of alloys causes embrittlement and loss of corrosion resistance owing to precipitation of intermediate phases, principally sigma-phase. The annealing processing of the samples proceeded at temperatures in the range of 800–950 °C for periods of time from 1 to 96 h. This procedure permitted an accurate quantification of the microstructural components such as austenite, ferrite and sigma-phase in all studied samples. The contents of sigma-phase in the heat-affected zones of all weldments reached asymptotical values of 30–38 wt% after 96 h of heat treatment.

Keywords

Rietveld refinementX-ray diffractionsuper duplex steelsigma phase
Type
Technical Articles
Information
Powder Diffraction , Volume 27 , Issue 2 , June 2012 , pp. 131 - 135
Copyright
Copyright © International Centre for Diffraction Data 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Badji, R., Bouabdallah, M., Bacroix, B., Kahloun, C., Bettahar, K., and Kherrouba, N. (2008). “Phase transformation and mechanical behaviour in annealed 2205 duplex stainless steel welds,” Mater. Charact. 59, 447–453.Google Scholar
Cahn, R. W. and Haasen, P. (1996). Physical Metallurgy (North Holland, Amsterdam).Google Scholar
Cvijovic, Z. and Radenkovic, G. (2006). “Microstructure and pitting corrosion resistance of annealed duplex stainless steel,” Corros. Sci. 48, 3887–3906.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dollase, W. A. (1986). “Correction of intensities for preferred orientation in powder diffractometry: application of the March model,” J. Appl. Crystallogr. 19, 267–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
El Koussy, M., El Mahallawi, I. S., Califa, W. E., Al Dawood, M., and Bueckins, M. (2004). “Effects of thermal aging on microstructure and mechanical properties of duplex stainless steel weldments,” Mater. Sci. Technol. 20, 375–381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gunn, R. N. (Ed.) (1997). Duplex Stainless Steels, Microstructure, Properties and Applications (Abington, Cambridge).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herbsleb, G. (1982). “The influence of SO2, H2S and CO on pitting corrosion of austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steels with up to 4 wt.% molybdenum in 1 M NaCl,” Werkst. Korros. 33, 334–340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, R. J. (1991). “Expanded use of the Rietveld method in studies of phase abundance in multiphase mixtures,” Powder Diffr. 6, 1615–1631.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liou, H., Pan, Y., Hsieh, R., and Tsai, W. (2001). “Effects of alloying elements on the mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour of 2205 duplex stainless steel,” J. Mater. Eng. Perf. 10, 231–241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCusker, L. B., Von Reele, R. B., Cox, D. E., Louer, D., and Scardi, P. (1999). “Rietveld refinement guidelines,” J. Appl. Crystallogr. 32, 36–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noble, D. N. (1994). “Selection of wrought duplex stainless steels,” in Stainless Steels, Specialty Handbook, edited by Davis, J. R. (American Society for Metals, Metals Park) pp. 471–481.Google Scholar
Pearson, W. B. (1972). The Crystal Chemistry and Physics of Metals and Alloys (Willey, New York).Google Scholar
Pohl, M. and Stortz, O. (2004). “Sigma-phase in duplex stainless steels,” Z. Metallkd. 95, 631–638.Google Scholar
Pohl, M., Stortz, O., and Glogowski, T. (2007). “Effect of intermetallic precipitation on the properties of duplex stainless steel,” Mater. Charact. 58, 65–71.Google Scholar
Sihna, A. K. (1972). “Topologically close-packed structures of transition metal alloys,” Mater. Sci. 15, 104–109.Google Scholar
Sopousek, J. and Kruml, T. (1996). “Sigma-phase equilibria and nucleation in Fe–Cr–Ni alloys at high temperature,” Scr. Mater. 35, 689–693.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tseng, C., Thompson, S., Mataya, M., and Krauss, G. (1994). “Fracture and the formation of sigma-phase, M23C6, and austenite from delta-ferrite in an AISI stainless steel,” Metall. Trans., Sect. A; Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. 25, 1147–1158.Google Scholar
Yaquel, H. L. (1983a). “Atom distributions in sigma phases. I. Fe and Cr atom distributions in a binary sigma-phase equilibrated at 1063 and 923K,” Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B: Struct. Sci. 29, 20–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yaquel, H. L. (1983b). “Atom distributions in sigma phases. II. Estimation of average site-occupation parameters in a sigma phase containing Fe, Cr, Ni, Mo and Mn,” Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B: Struct. Sci. 29, 28–33.Google Scholar
Yang, R. A., Larson, A. C., and Paiva-Santos, C. O. (1999). Rietveld Analysis of X-rays and neutron Diffraction Patterns (Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta).Google Scholar
Yang, X. F. and Castle, J. E. (2002). “Using in situ AFM to investigate corrosion and passivation of duplex stainless steels,” Surf. Interface Anal. 33, 894–899.Google Scholar