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Ultrastructural evidence shows adaptation to a pelagic lifestyle in Ordovician caryocaridids (Crustacea: phyllocarida)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 November 2024

Yilong Liu Open the ORCID record for Yilong Liu [Opens in a new window] ,
Ruo-ying Fan ,
Xiaoqi Du ,
Juan Ma ,
Jiayi Yin ,
Rui-wen Zong  and
Yi-ming Gong
Yilong Liu
Affiliation:
School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
Ruo-ying Fan
Affiliation:
School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
Xiaoqi Du
Affiliation:
School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
Juan Ma
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
Jiayi Yin
Affiliation:
School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
Rui-wen Zong*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
Yi-ming Gong
Affiliation:
School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
*
Corresponding author: Rui-wen Zong; Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Caryocaridids are a unique representative of pelagic arthropods from the Ordovician period. They are typically found as flattened carapaces in mudstones and shales. This study reports on a species of caryocaridids, Soomicaris cedarbergensis, discovered in the Lower Ordovician of northwestern Xinjiang, NW China. The species shows the rare enrolled carapaces with a preserved cuticular ultrastructure. These specimens of caryocaridids from Xinjiang are the first reported in the Yili Block, and provide the substantial evidence that the paleogeographic distribution of caryocaridid phyllocarids could extend to the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. This species existed from the late Tremadocian until the end of the Ordovician (Hirnantian), making it the longest-ranging known species of caryocaridids. The carapace cuticle of S. cedarbergensis is composed of carbonate-fluorapatite and can be divided into three mineralized lamellae: outer, middle, and inner. The outer and inner lamellae each consist of three layers that correspond to the epicuticle, exocuticle, and endocuticle of extant crustacean carapaces. Moreover, the polygonal reticulation structure of the carapace in archaeostracans appears to be similar in shape and size to the hemolymph sinuses of leptostracans. This unique ultrastructure of the carapace cuticle in caryocaridids is believed to be better suited for a pelagic lifestyle.

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Paleobiology , Volume 50 , Issue 3 , August 2024 , pp. 462 - 474
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Paleontological Society

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