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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 February 2011
The wide variety of low-k dielectric materials and processes for ULSI interconnection were sorted to create generic process flows. Average material and equipment costs were then used as inputs to a generic cost-per-wafer (CPW) model for dielectric deposition (not including the costs of dielectric CMP, metallization, or lithography). The model outputs are internally consistent, and useful for comparison of similar processes.