The foliicolous lichens and the environmental factors at 14 stations in Catalonia were examined and the relationships between their foliicolous flora and climatic features analysed. This information could be used to predict potential sites with foliicolous lichens in areas with a Mediterranean climate. In addition, two species new to the European lichen flora (Bacidina canariensis and Fellhanera semecarpi) are recorded, and also 8 species new to the lichen and lichenicolous flora of the Iberian Peninsula (Arthonia leptosperma, Byssoloma diederichii, Chionosphaera apobasidialis, Cladosporium arthoniae, Fellhanera christiansenii, Fellhanera seroexspectata, Strigula smaragdula and Vezdaea dawsoniae).