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Measurements and modelling of induced flow in collective vertical migration

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 December 2024

Nina Mohebbi Open the ORCID record for Nina Mohebbi [Opens in a new window] ,
Joonha Hwang Open the ORCID record for Joonha Hwang [Opens in a new window] ,
Matthew K. Fu Open the ORCID record for Matthew K. Fu [Opens in a new window]  and
John O. Dabiri Open the ORCID record for John O. Dabiri [Opens in a new window]
Nina Mohebbi
Affiliation:
Graduate Aerospace Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Joonha Hwang
Affiliation:
Graduate Aerospace Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Matthew K. Fu
Affiliation:
Graduate Aerospace Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
John O. Dabiri*
Affiliation:
Graduate Aerospace Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA Mechanical and Civil Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

Hydrodynamic interactions between swimming or flying organisms can lead to complex flows on the scale of the group. These emergent fluid dynamics are often more complex than a linear superposition of individual organism flows, especially at intermediate Reynolds numbers. This paper presents an approach to estimate the flow induced by multiple swimmer wakes in proximity using a semianalytical model that conserves mass and momentum in the aggregation. The key equations are derived analytically, while the implementation and solution of these equations are carried out numerically. This model was informed by and compared with empirical measurements of induced vertical migrations of brine shrimp, Artemia salina. The response of individual swimmers to ambient background flow and light intensity was evaluated. In addition, the time-resolved three-dimensional spatial configuration of the swimmers was measured using a recently developed laser scanning system. Numerical results using the model found that the induced flow at the front of the aggregation was insensitive to the presence of downstream swimmers, with the induced flow tending towards asymptotic beyond a threshold aggregation length. Closer swimmer spacing led to higher induced flow speeds, in some cases leading to model predictions of induced flow exceeding swimmer speeds required to maintain a stable spatial configuration. This result was reconciled by comparing two different models for the near-wake of each swimmer. The results demonstrate that aggregation-scale flows result from a complex, yet predictable interplay between individual organism wake structure and aggregation configuration and size.

JFM classification

Biological Fluid Dynamics: Collective behaviour Biological Fluid Dynamics: Swimming/flying
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 1001 , 25 December 2024 , A50
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Supplementary material: File

Mohebbi et al. supplementary movie

The video illustrates the reconstructed brine shrimp in the laser scanning system within the total imaging volume during a vertical migration towards a target flashlight placed at positive z. This visualization demonstrates the method's capability to accurately track and render the movement of individual swimmers within a collective, providing valuable insights into their coordinated motion.
Download Mohebbi et al. supplementary movie(File)
File 1.1 MB