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Formation and development of the stopping vortex ring in starting jets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 November 2024

Jianwei Zhu Open the ORCID record for Jianwei Zhu [Opens in a new window] ,
Guoqing Zhang ,
S.C.M. Yu ,
Lei Gao Open the ORCID record for Lei Gao [Opens in a new window]  and
Ruijia Zhao
Jianwei Zhu
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Dynamics and Control of Flight Vehicle, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
Guoqing Zhang*
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Dynamics and Control of Flight Vehicle, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
S.C.M. Yu
Affiliation:
Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
Lei Gao
Affiliation:
School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
Ruijia Zhao
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Dynamics and Control of Flight Vehicle, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

The formation mechanism for the stopping vortex ring (SVR) and its effects on the development of starting jets have been systematically investigated. The radial inward flow near the nozzle exit, arising from the pressure difference caused by the deceleration of starting jets, is considered to be the main contributing factor to the formation of the SVR. The formation process can generally be divided into (i) the rapid accumulation stage ($t_d^*\leq 1$) and (ii) the development stage ($t_d^*>1$), where $t_d^*$ is the formation time defined by the duration of the deceleration stage. For starting jets with different $(L/D)_d$, the final circulation value and circulation growth rate of the SVR can be scaled by $[(L/D)_d]^{-0.5}$ and $[(L/D)_d]^{-1.5}$, respectively. Here $(L/D)_d$ represents the stroke ratio during the deceleration stage. Analysing the temporal evolution of fluid parcels in the vicinity of the nozzle exit reveals that SVR entrains fluid from both inside and outside of the nozzle. Additionally, the influence of the SVR on the leading vortex ring and the trailing jet has been examined, with particular attention to its effects on the propulsive performance of the starting jet. The SVR affects the profiles of axial velocity and gauge pressure at the nozzle exit, thereby enhancing the generation of total thrust during the deceleration stage. Analysis has shown that depending on the deceleration rate, SVR can enhance the average velocity thrust by at least $10\,\%$ and compensate for up to a $60\,\%$ reduction in pressure thrust due to deceleration.

JFM classification

Vortex Flows: Vortex dynamics Wakes/Jets: Jets Vortex Flows: Vortex interactions
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 999 , 25 November 2024 , A85
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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