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The evolution of vortices determines the aeroacoustics generated by a hovering wing

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 November 2024

Xueyu Ji ,
Bruce Ruishu Jin Open the ORCID record for Bruce Ruishu Jin [Opens in a new window] ,
Qiuxiang Huang ,
Li Wang ,
Sridhar Ravi ,
John Young Open the ORCID record for John Young [Opens in a new window] ,
Joseph C.S. Lai Open the ORCID record for Joseph C.S. Lai [Opens in a new window]  and
Fang-Bao Tian Open the ORCID record for Fang-Bao Tian [Opens in a new window]
Xueyu Ji
Affiliation:
School of Engineering and Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
Bruce Ruishu Jin
Affiliation:
School of Engineering and Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
Qiuxiang Huang
Affiliation:
School of Engineering and Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
Li Wang
Affiliation:
School of Engineering and Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
Sridhar Ravi
Affiliation:
School of Engineering and Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
John Young
Affiliation:
School of Engineering and Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
Joseph C.S. Lai
Affiliation:
School of Engineering and Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
Fang-Bao Tian*
Affiliation:
School of Engineering and Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

The effects of the evolution of vortices on the aeroacoustics generated by a hovering wing are numerically investigated by using a hybrid method of an immersed boundary–finite difference method for the three-dimensional incompressible flows and a simplified model based on the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings acoustic analogy. A low-aspect-ratio ($AR=1.5$) rectangular wing at low Reynolds ($Re=1000$) and Mach ($M=0.04$) numbers is investigated. Based on the simplified model, the far-field acoustics is shown to be dominated by the time derivative of the pressure on the wing surface. Results show that vortical structure evolution in the flow fields, which is described by the divergence of the convection term of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in a body-fixed reference frame, determines the time derivative of the surface pressure and effectively the far-field acoustics. It dominates over the centrifugal acceleration and Coriolis acceleration terms in determining the time derivative of the surface pressure. The position of the vortex is also found to affect the time derivative of the surface pressure. A scaling analysis reveals that the vortex acoustic source is scaled with the cube of the flapping frequency.

JFM classification

Biological Fluid Dynamics: Swimming/flying Acoustics: Aeroacoustics
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 1000 , 10 December 2024 , A70
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

‡

Current address: Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia.

§

Current address: School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, George St, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia.

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