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92 Prevalence of heteroresistance in urinary Escherichia coli in Metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 April 2025

Sarah Blaine
Affiliation:
Emory University School of Medicine Emory University Laney Graduate School
Sarah Kathryn Blaine
Affiliation:
Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States Emory University Laney Graduate School, Atlanta, GA, United States
Sarah Lohsen
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
Julia A Van Riel
Affiliation:
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Evanston, IL, United States
Madeleine Boulis
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
Alexandra Rio
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
D’Ante Gooden
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
Gillian Smith
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
David Weiss
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
Jessica Howard-Anderson
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
Sarah Satola
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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Abstract

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Objectives/Goals: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) cause significant morbidity, and many patients require multiple courses of antibiotics increasing the risk of antibiotic resistance. We determined the prevalence of urinary antibiotic heteroresistance (HR), which has been associated with treatment failures in vivo, to three first-line antibiotics for UTIs. Methods/Study Population: Clinical urine Escherichia coli isolates from patients in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia in August 2023 were collected as part of public health surveillance performed by the CDC-funded, Georgia Emerging Infections Program (EIP). Only the first E. coli isolate collected for each patient was included in this study. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined through medical record review. HR to nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and fosfomycin was determined by population analysis profiling (PAP), where broth dilutions of E. coli were plated on increasing concentrations of the antibiotic. HR was defined as survival of >1 in 106 cfu but fewer than 50% survival at 1X antibiotic breakpoint (bp), resistant as > 50% survival at 1X bp and susceptible as survival of Results/Anticipated Results: Among 355 patients, 21 (5.9%) were resistant or intermediate to nitrofurantoin and 92 (26%) were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Antibiotic susceptibility data were missing from 5(1.4%) and 11(3%) of isolates for nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, respectively. Susceptibility testing was not routinely performed nor reported for fosfomycin, thus excluded. PAP revealed that of the total 355 isolates, 3(0.84%) were heteroresistant to nitrofurantoin, 17(4.8%) were heteroresistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and 27(7.6%) were heteroresistant to fosfomycin. Of the isolates found to be susceptible by standard testing, 1(0.3%) and 9(3.6%) were heteroresistant to nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole by PAP, respectively. Discussion/Significance of Impact: Despite low rates of HR to nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (0.84%, 4.8%), HR to fosfomycin was more frequent (7.6%). Given that susceptibility is not generally performed for fosfomycin, this could have implications for including fosfomycin as a first-line treatment for E. coli UTIs.

Type
Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Research Design
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. The Association for Clinical and Translational Science