Hostname: page-component-669899f699-tzmfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-28T13:23:30.176Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Design of a cost-effective intelligent surface structure for field reconfiguration of an antenna

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 November 2024

Aijaz Ahmed
Affiliation:
Brightsandz Clean Tech Private Limited, Gurugram, Haryana, India
Satya Kesh Dubey*
Affiliation:
Senior Principal Scientist, CSIR - National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India
*
Corresponding author: Satya Kesh Dubey; Email: [email protected]

Abstract

This work presents a passive intelligent surface designed at 2.45 GHz that has the capability of transmitting and reflecting electromagnetic waves that are incident upon it. The proposed surface does not require any circuitry or power source to function. Therefore, it makes a cost-effective and simple intelligent surface. It is a simple metallic structure that has embedded waveguide slots on its surface, allowing the waves to couple for transmission. A prototype of the proposed surface is designed using an aluminum foil and analyzed for both transmission and reflection of the wave. Further, the designed surface is investigated for tuning the directionality of the radiated field from the antenna. For this purpose, a coplanar patch antenna is first designed and then combined with the surface to tune the directionality of the radiated field of this antenna. The outcome of the measured performance validates that the proposed surface has the potential capability of field reconfiguration in wireless communication for Wi-Fi, WLAN, and Bluetooth applications.

Type
Research Paper
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with The European Microwave Association.

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Rana, MS, Sen, BK, Tanjil-Al Mamun, M, Sheikh, SI, Mahmud, MS and Rahman, MM (2022) Design of S-band microstrip patch antenna for wireless communication systems operating at 2.45 GHz. IEEE-5827, 13th ICCNT.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, A, Kumar Soni, S, Siddiqui, SA and Mishra, B (2020) A hexa-band frequency reconfigurable patch antenna for wireless applications. In ICE.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maddio, S, Pelosi, G, Righini, M and Selleri, S (2022) An electromagnetically coupled circularly polarized antenna for ISM application at 2.45 GHz. In IEEE.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noor, SK, Jusoh, M, Sabapathy, T, Rambe, AH, Vettikalladi, H, M. Albishi, A and Himdi, M (2023) A patch antenna with enhanced gain and bandwidth for sub-6 GHz and sub-7 GHz 5G wireless applications. Electronics 12, .CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Afruz, U and Kabir, MA (2022) Design of compact E-shaped microstrip patch antenna for wireless body area network. In IEEE 3rd International Conference on Innovations in Science, Engineering and Technology.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Narang, N, Dubey, SK, Negi, PS and Ojha, VN (2016) Design and characterization of microstrip based E-field sensor for GSM and UMTS frequency bands. Review of Scientific Instruments 87, .CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ren, J, Hu, W, Yin, Y and Fan, R (2014) Compact printed MIMO antenna for UWB applications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 13, 15171520.Google Scholar
Balanis, CA (1997) Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, 2nd edn. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Google Scholar
Huang, C, Zappone, A, Alexandropoulos, GC, Debbah, M and Yuen, C (2019) Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces for energy efficiency in wireless communication. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 18(8), 41574170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Z, Dai, L, Chen, X, Liu, C, Yang, F, Schober, R and Poor, HVṆ (2023) Active RIS vs. passive RIS: Which will prevail in 6G? IEEE Transactions on Communications 71(3), 17071725.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hassouna, S, Jamshed, MA, Rains, J, Kazim, JUR, Rehman, MU, Abualhayja, M, Mohjazi, L, Cui, TJ, Imran, MA and Abbasi, QH (2023) A survey on reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: Wireless communication perspective. IET Communications 17, 497537.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rana, B, Cho, S-S and Hong, I-P (2023) Passive type reconfigurable intelligent surface: Measurement of radiation patterns. Micromachines 14, .CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alamzadeh, I, Alexandropoulos, GC, Shlezinger, N and Imani, MF (2021) A reconfigurable intelligent surface with integrated sensing capability. Scientific Reports 11, .CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Qu, K, Chen, K, Zhao, J, Zhang, N, Hu, Q, Zhao, J, Jiang, T and Feng, Y (2023) An electromechanically reconfigurable intelligent surface for enhancing sub-6G wireless communication signal. Journal of Information and Intelligence 1, 207216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qin, T, Huang, C, Cai, Y and Lin, X (2023) Dual-band frequency selective surface with different polarization selectivity for wireless communication application. Sensors 23, .CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ahmed, A, Kumari, V and Sheoran, G (2023) Reduction of mutual coupling in antenna array using metamaterial surface absorber. International Journal of Electronics and Communications 160, .CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, Q, Zhang, S, Zheng, B, You, C and Zhang, R (2021) Intelligent reflecting surface-aided wireless communications: A tutorial. IEEE Transactions on Communications 69(5), 33133351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wen, E, Yang, X and Sievenpiper, DF (2023) Real-data-driven real-time reconfigurable microwave reflective surface. Nature Communications 14, .CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martinez-de-rioja, E, Vaquero, ÁF, Arrebola, M, Carrasco, E, Encinar, JA, Salman, S and Achour, M (2022) Passive intelligent reflecting surfaces based on reflect array panels to enhance 5G millimeter-wave coverage. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 15, 314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cui, M, Zhang, G and Zhang, R (2019) Secure wireless communication via intelligent reflecting surface. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 8(5), 14101414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raj, A and Gupta, N (2021) Radiation characteristics of microstrip antenna on frequency selective surface absorbing layer. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 13(9), 962968.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suri, A, and Ranjan Jha, K (2023) Active frequency selective surfaces: A systematic review for sub-6GHz band. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, Cambridge Universtity Press, 115. 10.1017/S1759078723001332.Google Scholar
Gupta, KC (1996) Microstrip Lines and Slotlines, 2nd edn. Boston- London: Artech House.Google Scholar
Mongia, R, Bahl, I, and Bhartia, P (1999) RF and Microwave Coupled-Line Circuits. Boston- London: Artech House, Inc.Google Scholar