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Multi-pattern synthesis in fourth-dimensional antenna arrays using BGM-based quasi-Newton memetic optimization method

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2023

Avishek Chakraborty Open the ORCID record for Avishek Chakraborty [Opens in a new window] ,
Ravi Shankar Saxena Open the ORCID record for Ravi Shankar Saxena [Opens in a new window] ,
Anshoo Verma ,
Ashima Juyal ,
Sumit Gupta ,
Indrasen Singh Open the ORCID record for Indrasen Singh [Opens in a new window] ,
Gopi Ram Open the ORCID record for Gopi Ram [Opens in a new window]  and
Durbadal Mandal Open the ORCID record for Durbadal Mandal [Opens in a new window]
Avishek Chakraborty*
Affiliation:
Department of EECE, GST, GITAM University, Bengaluru, India
Ravi Shankar Saxena
Affiliation:
Department of ECE, GMR Institute of Technology Rajam, Andhra Pradesh, India
Anshoo Verma
Affiliation:
Department of CE, IES Institute of Technology and Management, IES University, Bhopal, India
Ashima Juyal
Affiliation:
Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
Sumit Gupta
Affiliation:
Department of ECE, SR University, Warangal, Telangana, India
Indrasen Singh
Affiliation:
School of Electronics Engineering, VIT Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
Gopi Ram
Affiliation:
Department of ECE, NIT Warangal, Telangana, India
Durbadal Mandal
Affiliation:
Department of ECE, NIT Durgapur, West Bengal, India
*
Corresponding author: Avishek Chakraborty; Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

The advancement in wireless communication is fueling the growth of innovative antenna array designs toward cost-effective and performance-oriented solutions. This paper proposed unconventional methods to design antenna arrays for multi-pattern synthesis without using attenuators or phase shifters. A low-cost alternative is proposed with “Time-modulation”-based antenna array capable of electronic scanning and beam steering. Here, “Time” is utilized as a fourth-dimensional (4D) array parameter, and that is why “Time-modulated” arrays are also called as 4D antenna arrays. The idea is to control the high-speed switch attached with each antenna periodically to produce desirable current and phase tapering. This article expanded the “Time-modulation” concept to synthesize multiple radiation patterns like monopulse patterns, scanned beam patterns, shaped beam patterns, and cosecant-squared beam patterns for multifunctional radar systems. Suitable time schemes are developed to generate the narrowband sum–difference patterns useful for monopulse radars. Simultaneous scanned beam patterns are also proposed for narrowband communication. Furthermore, to address the wideband applications, shaped flat-top beam patterns and cosecant-squared beam patterns are also proposed. In this regard, 20- and 16-element “Time-modulated” linear array antennas are developed, and the parameters of the arrays are controlled by suitably designed objective functions with quasi-Newton method (QNM)-based memetic optimization method. For this purpose, first a well-known genetic algorithm is adopted to search the potential trust regions in the exploration stage and QNM is used for fine-tuning. Furthermore, the Broyden’s good method-based direction-updating equation is used with QNM to improve the performance.

Keywords

antenna arraysmemetic algorithmmonopulse radarsmultifunctional radarsscanned beam patternsshaped beam patternstime-modulation
Type
Antenna Design, Modelling and Measurements
Information
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , Volume 16 , Issue 2 , March 2024 , pp. 284 - 294
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with the European Microwave Association

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