Hostname: page-component-7b9c58cd5d-hpxsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-03-15T22:16:17.117Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Monitoring institutions in indefinitely repeated games

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 March 2025

Gabriele Camera*
Affiliation:
Economic Science Institute, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA University of Basel, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
Marco Casari*
Affiliation:
Department of Economics, University of Bologna, Piazza Scaravilli 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy

Abstract

Does monitoring past conduct facilitate intertemporal cooperation? We designed an experiment characterized by strategic uncertainty and multiple equilibria where coordinating on the efficient outcome is a challenge. Participants, interacting anonymously in a group, could pay a cost either to obtain information about their counterparts, or to create a freely available public record of individual conduct. Both monitoring institutions were actively employed. However, groups were unable to attain higher levels of cooperation compared to a treatment without monitoring. Information about past conduct alone thus appears to be ineffective in overcoming coordination challenges.

Type
Original Paper
Copyright
Copyright © 2017 Economic Science Association

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-017-9532-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

References

Bigoni, M., Camera, G., & Casari, M. (2014). Money is more than memory. Working paper no. 14–17, Economic Science Institute, Chapman University.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolton, GE, Katok, E, & Ockenfels, A (2005). Cooperation among strangers with limited information about reputation. Journal of Public Economics, 89(8), 14571468. 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2004.03.008CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Camera, G, & Casari, M (2009). Cooperation among strangers under the shadow of the future. American Economic Review, 99(3), 9791005. 10.1257/aer.99.3.979CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Camera, G, & Casari, M (2014). The coordination value of monetary exchange: Experimental evidence. American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, 6(1), 290314.Google Scholar
Camera, G, Casari, M, & Bigoni, M (2013). Money and trust among strangers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 110(37), 1488914893. 10.1073/pnas.1301888110CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Camera, G, Casari, M, & Bigoni, M (2013). Experimental markets with frictions. Journal of Economic Surveys, 27(3), 536553. 10.1111/joes.12018CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, Y, Li, SX, Liu, TX, & Shih, M (2014). Which hat to wear? Impact of natural identities on coordination and cooperation. Games and Economic Behavior, 84, 5886. 10.1016/j.geb.2013.12.002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, K, & Sefton, M (2001). The sequential Prisoner’s Dilemma: Evidence on reciprocation. Economic Journal, 111(468), 5168. 10.1111/1468-0297.00588CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cox, C, Jones, M, Pflum, K, & Healy, PJ (2015). Revealed reputations in the finitely-repeated Prisoners’ Dilemma. Economic Theory, 58(3), 441484. 10.1007/s00199-015-0863-1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dal Bó, P. (2005). Cooperation under the shadow of the future: Experimental evidence from infinitely repeated games. American Economic Review, 95(5), 15911604.Google Scholar
Dal Bó, P, & Fréchette, G (2011). The evolution of cooperation in infinitely repeated games: experimental evidence. American Economic Review, 101(1), 411429. 10.1257/aer.101.1.411CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellison, G (1994). Cooperation in the Prisoner’s Dilemma with anonymous random matching. Review of Economic Studies, 61, 567588. 10.2307/2297904CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fehr, E, & Gaechter, S (2000). Fairness and retaliation: The economics of reciprocity. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14(3), 159181. 10.1257/jep.14.3.159CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fischbacher, U. (2007). z-Tree: Zurich toolbox for ready-made economic experiments. Experimental Economics, 10(2), 171178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fischbacher, U, Gaechter, S, & Fehr, E (2001). Are people conditionally cooperative? Evidence from a public goods experiment. Economics Letters, 71(3), 397404. 10.1016/S0165-1765(01)00394-9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gërxhani, K, Brandts, J, & Schram, A (2013). The emergence of employer information networks in an experimental labor market. Social Networks, 35(4), 541560. 10.1016/j.socnet.2013.08.001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kandori, M (1992). Social norms and community enforcement. Review of Economic Studies, 59, 6380. 10.2307/2297925CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milgrom, P, North, D, & Weingast, B (1990). The role of institutions in the revival of trade: The law merchant, private judges, and the Champagne fairs. Economics and Politics, 2, 123. 10.1111/j.1468-0343.1990.tb00020.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palfrey, TR, & Rosenthal, H (1994). Repeated play, cooperation and coordination: An experimental study. Review of Economic Studies, 61, 545565. 10.2307/2297903CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roth, AE, & Murnighan, K (1978). Equilibrium behavior and repeated play of the Prisoner’s Dilemma. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 17, 189198. 10.1016/0022-2496(78)90030-5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stahl, DO (2013). An experimental test of the efficacy of simple reputation mechanisms to solve social dilemmas. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 94, 116124. 10.1016/j.jebo.2013.08.014CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ule, A, Schram, A, Riedl, A, & Cason, TN (2009). Indirect punishment and generosity toward strangers. Science, 326(5960), 17011704. 10.1126/science.1178883CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Huyck, JB, Battalio, RC, & Beil, RO (1991). Strategic uncertainty, equilibrium selection, and coordination failure in average opinion games. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(3), 885910. 10.2307/2937932CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Huyck, JB, Battalio, RC, & Walters Mary, F (1995). Commitment versus discretion in the Peasant–Dictator game. Games and Economic Behavior, 10(1), 143170. 10.1006/game.1995.1028CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Camera and Casari supplementary material

Camera and Casari supplementary material 1
Download Camera and Casari supplementary material(File)
File 188.2 KB
Supplementary material: File

Camera and Casari supplementary material

Appendix B
Download Camera and Casari supplementary material(File)
File 316 KB