Hostname: page-component-5f56664f6-ldbxw Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-05-07T06:13:40.490Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Developmental trajectories of offending: Validation and prediction to young adult alcohol use, drug use, and depressive symptoms

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 April 2005

MARGIT WIESNER ,
HYOUN K. KIM  and
DEBORAH M. CAPALDI
MARGIT WIESNER
Affiliation:
University of Alabama, Birmingham
HYOUN K. KIM
Affiliation:
Oregon Social Learning Center
DEBORAH M. CAPALDI
Affiliation:
Oregon Social Learning Center
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This longitudinal study extended previous work of Wiesner and Capaldi by examining the validity of differing offending pathways and the prediction from the pathways to substance use and depressive symptoms for 204 young men. Findings from this study indicated good external validity of the offending trajectories. Further, substance use and depressive symptoms in young adulthood (i.e., ages 23–24 through 25–26 years) varied depending on different trajectories of offending from early adolescence to young adulthood (i.e., ages 12–13 through 23–24 years), even after controlling for antisocial propensity, parental criminality, demographic factors, and prior levels of each outcome. Specifically, chronic high-level offenders had higher levels of depressive symptoms and engaged more often in drug use compared with very rare, decreasing low-level, and decreasing high-level offenders. Chronic low-level offenders, in contrast, displayed fewer systematic differences compared with the two decreasing offender groups and the chronic high-level offenders. The findings supported the contention that varying courses of offending may have plausible causal effects on young adult outcomes beyond the effects of an underlying propensity for crime.Support for the Oregon Youth Study was provided by a grant (R37 MH 37940) from the Prevention, Early Intervention, and Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), US Public Health Service (PHS). Support for the Couples Study was provided by a grant (HD 46364) from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), US PHS. Support was also provided by a grant (MH 46690) from the Prevention, Early Intervention, and Epidemiology Branch, NIMH, Office of Research on Minority Health, US PHS. We thank Jane Wilson, Rhody Hinks, and the Oregon Youth Study team for high-quality data collection, and Lee Owen for assistance with data preparation.

Type
Research Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 17 , Issue 1 , March 2005 , pp. 251 - 270
Copyright
© 2005 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

REFERENCES

Achenbach, T. M. (1991). Manual for the child behavior checklist and 1991 profile. Burlington, VT: Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont.
Andersson, T., Mahoney, J. L., Wennberg, P., Kuehlhorn, E., & Magnusson, D. (1999). The co-occurrence of alcohol problems and criminality in the transition from adolescence to young adulthood: A prospective longitudinal study on young men. Studies on Crime and Crime Prevention 8, 169–188.Google Scholar
Bandeen–Roche, K., Huang, G.-H., Munoz, B., & Rubin, G. S. (1999). Determination of risk factor associations with questionnaire outcomes: A methods case study. American Journal of Epidemiology 150, 1165–1178.Google Scholar
Bandeen–Roche, K., Miglioretti, D. L., Zeger, S. L., & Rathouz, P. J. (1997). Latent variable regression for multiple discrete outcomes. Journal of the American Statistical Association 92, 1375–1386.Google Scholar
Birleson, P. (1981). The validity of depressive disorder in childhood and the development of a self-rating scale: A research report. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 22, 73–88.Google Scholar
Block, J. H., & Gjerde, P. F. (1990). Depressive symptoms in late adolescence: A longitudinal perspective on personality antecedents. In J. Rolf, A. S. Masten, D. Cicchetti, K. H. Neuchterlein, & S. Weintraub (Eds.), Risk and protective factors in the development of psychopathology (pp. 334–360). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Capaldi, D. M. (1991). Co-occurrence of conduct problems and depressive symptoms in early adolescent boys: I. Familial factors and general adjustment at Grade 6. Development and Psychopathology 3, 277–300.Google Scholar
Capaldi, D. M. (1992). Co-occurrence of conduct problems and depressive symptoms in early adolescent boys: II. A 2-year follow-up at Grade 8. Development and Psychopathology 4, 125–144.Google Scholar
Capaldi, D. M., Chamberlain, P., Fetrow, R. A., & Wilson, J. (1997). Conducting ecologically valid prevention research: Recruiting and retaining a “whole village” in multimethod, multiagent studies. American Journal of Community Psychology 25, 471–492.Google Scholar
Capaldi, D. M., & Patterson, G. R. (1987). An approach to the problem of recruitment and retention rates for longitudinal research. Behavioral Assessment 9, 169–177.Google Scholar
Capaldi, D. M., & Stoolmiller, M. (1999). Co-occurrence of conduct problems and depressive symptoms in early adolescent boys: III. Prediction to young-adult adjustment. Development and Psychopathology 11, 59–84.Google Scholar
Capaldi, D. M., Stoolmiller, M., Clark, S., & Owen, L. D. (2002). Heterosexual risk behaviors in at-risk young men from early adolescence to young adulthood: Prevalence, prediction, and STD contraction. Developmental Psychology 38, 394–406.Google Scholar
Chung, I.-J., Hill, K. G., Hawkins, J. D., Gilchrist, L. D., & Nagin, D. S. (2002). Childhood predictors of offense trajectories. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 39, 60–90.Google Scholar
Cicchetti, D., & Schneider–Rosen, K. (1986). An organizational approach to childhood depression. In M. Rutter, C. E. Izard, & P. B. Read (Eds.), Depression in young people: Developmental and clinical perspectives (pp. 71–134). New York: Guilford Press.
Cummings, E. M., Davies, P. T., & Campbell, S. B. (2000). Developmental psychopathology and family process. Theory, research, and clinical implications. New York: Guilford Press.
Dawson, D. A. (1998). Volume of ethanol consumption: Effects of different approaches to measurement. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 59, 191–197.Google Scholar
Dishion, T. J., Capaldi, D. M., & Yoerger, K. (1999). Middle childhood antecedents to progression in male adolescent substance use: An ecological analysis of risk and protection. Journal of Adolescent Research 14, 175–206.Google Scholar
D'Unger, A. V., Land, K. C., McCall, P. L., & Nagin, D. S. (1998). How many latent classes of delinquent/criminal careers? Results from mixed poisson regression analyses. American Journal of Sociology 103, 1593–1630.Google Scholar
Eaton, W. W., Neufeld, K., Chen, L.-S., & Cai, G. (2000). A comparison of self-report and clinical diagnostic interviews for depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 57, 217–222.Google Scholar
Elder, G. H., Jr. (1998). The life course and human development. In W. Damon (Ed.) & R. M. Lerner (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 1. Theoretical models of human development (5th ed., pp. 939–991). New York: Wiley.
Elliott, D. S., Ageton, S. S., Huizinga, D., Knowles, B. A., & Canter, R. J. (1983). The prevalence and incidence of delinquent behavior: 1976–1980 (National Youth Survey Report No. 26). Boulder, CO: Behavioral Research Institute.
Evans, T. D., Cullen, F. T., Burton, V. S., Dunaway, R. G., & Benson, M. L. (1997). The social consequences of self-control: Testing the general theory of crime. Criminology 35, 475–504.Google Scholar
Farrington, D. P. (1989). Later adult life outcomes of offenders and nonoffenders. In M. Brambring, F. Loesel, & H. Skowronek (Eds.), Children at risk: Assessment, longitudinal research, and intervention (pp. 220–244). Berlin: Walter deGruyter.
Farrington, D. P., Loeber, R., Stouthamer–Loeber, M., van Kammen, W. B., & Schmidt, L. (1996). Self-reported delinquency and a combined delinquency seriousness scale based on boys, mothers, and teachers: Concurrent and predictive validity for African-Americans and Caucasians. Criminology 34, 501–525.Google Scholar
Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J., & Nagin, D. S. (2000). Offending trajectories in a New Zealand birth cohort. Criminology 38, 525–551.Google Scholar
Flanagan, T. J., & Maguire, K. (Eds.). (1990). Sourcebook of criminal justice statistics 1989. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, US Government Printing Office.
Garrison, C. Z., Addy, C., Jackson, K. L., McKeown, R., & Waller, J. L. (1991). The CES-D as a screen for depression and other psychiatric disorders in adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 30, 636–641.Google Scholar
Gottfredson, M. R., & Hirschi, T. (1990). A general theory of crime. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Graham, J. W., & Hofer, S. M. (2000). Multiple imputation in multivariate research. In T. D. Little, K. U. Schnabel, & J. Baumert (Eds.), Modeling longitudinal and multilevel data (pp. 201–218). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Harford, T. C., & Muthén, B. O. (2000). Adolescent and young adult antisocial and adult alcohol use disorders: A fourteen-year prospective follow-up in a National Survey. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 61, 524–528.Google Scholar
Hill, K. G., Chung, I.-J., Herrenkohl, T. I., & Hawkins, J. D. (2000, November). Consequences of trajectories of violent and property offending. Paper presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology, San Francisco, CA.
Hirschi, T., & Gottfredson, M.R. (1993). Commentary: Testing the general theory of crime. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 30, 47–54.Google Scholar
Hollingshead, A. B. (1975). Four-Factor Index of Social Status. Unpublished manuscript, Yale University.
Hops, H., Lewinsohn, P., Andrews, J. A., & Roberts, R. E. (1990). Psychosocial correlates of depressive symptomatology among high school students. Journal of Clinical and Child Psychology 19, 211–220.Google Scholar
Huizinga, D., & Elliott, D. S. (1986). Reassessing the reliability and validity of self-report delinquency measures. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 2, 293–327.Google Scholar
Kim, H. K., & Capaldi, D. M. (2004). The association of antisocial behavior and depressive symptoms between partners and risk for aggression in romantic relationships. Journal of Family Psychology 18, 82–96.Google Scholar
Lauritsen, J. L. (1998). The age-crime debate: Assessing the limits of longitudinal self-report data. Social Forces 77, 127–155.Google Scholar
Little, R. J. A., & Rubin, D. B. (1987). Statistical analysis with missing data. New York: Wiley.
Maxfield, M. G., Weiler, B. L., & Widom, C. S. (2000). Comparing self-reports and official records of arrests. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 16, 87–110.Google Scholar
Moffitt, T. E. (1993). Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review 100, 674–701.Google Scholar
Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., Dickson, N., Silva, P., & Stanton, W. (1996). Childhood-onset versus adolescent-onset antisocial conduct problems in males: Natural history from ages 3 to 18 years. Development and Psychopathology 8, 399–424.Google Scholar
Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., Harrington, H., & Milne, B. J. (2002). Males on the life-course-persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial pathways: Follow-up at age 26 years. Development and Psychopathology 14, 179–207.Google Scholar
Murphy, J. M., Monson, R. R., Laird, N. M., Sobol, A. M., & Leighton, A. H. (2000). A comparison of diagnostic interviews for depression in the Stirling County Study. Archives of General Psychiatry 57, 230–236.Google Scholar
Muthén, B. O., & Muthén, L. K. (2000). Integrating person-centered and variable-centered analyses: Growth mixture modeling with latent trajectory classes. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 24, 882–891.Google Scholar
Muthén, B., & Shedden, K. (1999). Finite mixture modeling with mixture outcomes using the EM algorithm. Biometrics 55, 463–469.Google Scholar
Nagin, D. S. (1999). Analyzing developmental trajectories: A semi-parametric, group-based approach. Psychological Methods 4, 139–157.Google Scholar
Nagin, D. S., Farrington, D. P., & Moffitt, T. E. (1995). Life-course trajectories of different types of offenders. Criminology 33, 111–139.Google Scholar
Newcomb, M. D. (1996). Pseudomaturity among adolescents: Construct validation, sex differences, and associations in adulthood. Journal of Drug Issues 26, 477–504.Google Scholar
Patterson, G. R., Reid, J. B., & Dishion, T. J. (1992). A social learning approach: Vol. IV. Antisocial boys. Eugene, OR: Castalia Publishing.
Patterson, G. R., & Stoolmiller, M. (1991). Replications of a dual failure model for boy's depressed mood. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 59, 491–498.Google Scholar
Patterson, G. R., & Yoerger, K. (1993). Developmental models for delinquent behavior. In S. Hodgins (Ed.), Crime and mental disorders (pp. 140–172). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Pedersen, W., Mastekaasa, A., & Wichstrom, L. (2001). Conduct problems and early cannabis initiation: A longitudinal study of gender differences. Addiction 96, 415–431.Google Scholar
Polakowski, M. (1994). Linking self- and social control with deviance: Illuminating the structure underlying a general theory of crime and its relation to deviant activity. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 10, 41–78.Google Scholar
Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement 1, 385–401.Google Scholar
Reebye, P., Moretti, M. M., & Lessard, J. C. (1995). Conduct disorder and substance use disorder: Comorbidity in a clinical sample of preadolescent and adolescents. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 40, 313–319.Google Scholar
Robins, L. N., & McEvoy, L. (1990). Conduct problems as predictors of substance abuse. In L. R. Robins & M. Rutter (Eds.), Straight and devious pathways from childhood to adulthood. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Sampson, R. J., & Laub, J. H. (2003). Life-course desisters? Trajectories of crime among delinquent boys followed to age 70. Criminology 41, 555–592.Google Scholar
Sampson, R. J., Laub, J. H., & Eggleston, E. P. (2004). On the robustness and validity of groups. Journal of Quantitative Criminology 1, 37–42.Google Scholar
Schafer, J. L. (1999). NORM [software for Windows 95/98/NT]. Available from http://www.stat.psu.edu/∼jls/misoftwa.html.
Schafer, J. L., & Olsen, M. K. (1998). Multiple imputation for multivariate missing-data problems: A data analyst's perspective. Multivariate Behavioral Research 33, 545–571.Google Scholar
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed., Chapter 5). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Thornberry, T. P. (Ed.). (1997). Advances in criminological theory: Vol. 7. Developmental theories of crime and delinquency. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Washington University. (1998). Diagnostic Interview Schedule (4th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Author.
White, H. R., Brick, J., & Hansell, S. (1993). A longitudinal investigation of alcohol use and aggression in adolescence. Journal of Studies on Alcohol (Suppl) 11, 62–77.Google Scholar
Wiesner, M., & Capaldi, D. M. (2003). Relations of childhood and adolescent factors to offending trajectories of young men. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 40, 231–262.Google Scholar
Wiesner, M., Capaldi, D. M., & Patterson, G. R. (2003). Development of antisocial behavior and crime across the life-span from a social interactional perspective: The coercion model. In R. L. Akers & G. F. Jensen (Eds.), Advances in criminological theory: Vol. 11. Social learning theory and the explanation of crime: A guide for the new century (pp. 317–337). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.