Fock and Goncharov conjectured that the indecomposable universally positive (i.e. atomic) elements of a cluster algebra should form a basis for the algebra. This was shown to be false by Lee, Li and Zelevinsky. However, we find that the theta bases of Gross, Hacking, Keel and Kontsevich do satisfy this conjecture for a slightly modified definition of universal positivity in which one replaces the positive atlas consisting of the clusters by an enlargement we call the scattering atlas. In particular, this uniquely characterizes the theta functions.

In this paper we prove the conjecture of Molino that for every singular Riemannian foliation $(M,{\mathcal{F}})$, the partition $\overline{{\mathcal{F}}}$ given by the closures of the leaves of ${\mathcal{F}}$ is again a singular Riemannian foliation.

We show that the Craighero–Gattazzo surface, the minimal resolution of an explicit complex quintic surface with four elliptic singularities, is simply connected. This was conjectured by Dolgachev and Werner, who proved that its fundamental group has a trivial profinite completion. The Craighero–Gattazzo surface is the only explicit example of a smooth simply connected complex surface of geometric genus zero with ample canonical class. We hope that our method will find other applications: to prove a topological fact about a complex surface we use an algebraic reduction mod $p$ technique and deformation theory.

In this paper, we determine the group of contact transformations modulo contact isotopies for Legendrian circle bundles over closed surfaces of non-positive Euler characteristic. These results extend and correct those presented by the first author in a former work. The main ingredient we use is connectedness of certain spaces of embeddings of surfaces into contact 3-manifolds. This connectedness question is also studied for itself with a number of (hopefully instructive) examples.

We prove some new structure results for automorphic products of singular weight. First, we give a simple characterisation of the Borcherds function $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}_{12}$. Second, we show that holomorphic automorphic products of singular weight on lattices of prime level exist only in small signatures and we derive an explicit bound. Finally, we give a complete classification of reflective automorphic products of singular weight on lattices of prime level.

We present a complex analytic proof of the Pila–Wilkie theorem for subanalytic sets. In particular, we replace the use of $C^{r}$-smooth parametrizations by a variant of Weierstrass division. As a consequence we are able to apply the Bombieri–Pila determinant method directly to analytic families without limiting the order of smoothness by a $C^{r}$ parametrization. This technique provides the key inductive step for our recent proof (in a closely related preprint) of the Wilkie conjecture for sets definable using restricted elementary functions. As an illustration of our approach we prove that the rational points of height $H$ in a compact piece of a complex-analytic set of dimension $k$ in $\mathbb{C}^{m}$ are contained in $O(1)$ complex-algebraic hypersurfaces of degree $(\log H)^{k/(m-k)}$. This is a complex-analytic analog of a recent result of Cluckers, Pila, and Wilkie for real subanalytic sets.

We generalize the $\mathbb{Z}/p$metabelian birational $p$-adic section conjecture for curves, as introduced and proved in Pop [On the birational$p$-adic section conjecture, Compos. Math. 146 (2010), 621–637], to all complete smooth varieties, provided $p>2$. The condition $p>2$ seems to be of technical nature only, and might be removable.

We give an asymptotic formula for correlations

$$\begin{eqnarray}\mathop{\sum }_{n\leqslant x}f_{1}(P_{1}(n))f_{2}(P_{2}(n))\cdots f_{m}(P_{m}(n)),\end{eqnarray}$$

$f,\ldots ,f_{m}$

$f:\mathbb{N}\rightarrow \{-1,+1\}$

$1957$

$f(n)=n^{s}$

$\operatorname{Re}(s)<1$

$|f(n)|$

$n=a+b$

$a,b$

$\mathbb{N}$

We prove that the standard motives of a semisimple algebraic group $G$ with coefficients in a field of order $p$ are determined by the upper motives of the group $G$. As a consequence of this result, we obtain a partial version of the motivic rigidity conjecture of special linear groups. The result is then used to construct the higher indexes which characterize the motivic equivalence of semisimple algebraic groups. The criteria of motivic equivalence derived from the expressions of these indexes produce a dictionary between motives, algebraic structures and the birational geometry of twisted flag varieties. This correspondence is then described for special linear groups and orthogonal groups (the criteria associated with other groups being obtained in De Clercq and Garibaldi [Tits$p$-indexes of semisimple algebraic groups, J. Lond. Math. Soc. (2) 95 (2017) 567–585]). The proofs rely on the Levi-type motivic decompositions of isotropic twisted flag varieties due to Chernousov, Gille and Merkurjev, and on the notion of pondered field extensions.

We lay the groundwork in this first installment of a series of papers aimed at developing a theory of Hrushovski–Kazhdan style motivic integration for certain types of nonarchimedean $o$-minimal fields, namely power-bounded $T$-convex valued fields, and closely related structures. The main result of the present paper is a canonical homomorphism between the Grothendieck semirings of certain categories of definable sets that are associated with the $\text{VF}$-sort and the $\text{RV}$-sort of the language ${\mathcal{L}}_{T\text{RV}}$. Many aspects of this homomorphism can be described explicitly. Since these categories do not carry volume forms, the formal groupification of the said homomorphism is understood as a universal additive invariant or a generalized Euler characteristic. It admits not just one, but two specializations to $\unicode[STIX]{x2124}$. The overall structure of the construction is modeled on that of the original Hrushovski–Kazhdan construction.

In this paper we prove the following theorem. Let $f$ be a dominant polynomial endomorphism of the affine plane defined over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $0$. If there is no nonconstant invariant rational function under $f$, then there exists a closed point in the plane whose orbit under $f$ is Zariski dense. This result gives us a positive answer to a conjecture proposed by Medvedev and Scanlon, by Amerik, Bogomolov and Rovinsky, and by Zhang for polynomial endomorphisms of the affine plane.

In this paper we prove two results concerning Vinogradov’s three primes theorem with primes that can be called almost twin primes. First, for any $m$, every sufficiently large odd integer $N$ can be written as a sum of three primes $p_{1},p_{2}$ and $p_{3}$ such that, for each $i\in \{1,2,3\}$, the interval $[p_{i},p_{i}+H]$ contains at least $m$ primes, for some $H=H(m)$. Second, every sufficiently large integer $N\equiv 3~(\text{mod}~6)$ can be written as a sum of three primes $p_{1},p_{2}$ and $p_{3}$ such that, for each $i\in \{1,2,3\}$, $p_{i}+2$ has at most two prime factors.

In this paper, motivated by a problem posed by Barry Mazur, we show that for smooth projective varieties over the rationals, the odd cohomology groups of degree less than or equal to the dimension can be modeled by the cohomology of an abelian variety, provided the geometric coniveau is maximal. This provides an affirmative answer to Mazur’s question for all uni-ruled threefolds, for instance. Concerning cohomology in degree three, we show that the image of the Abel–Jacobi map admits a distinguished model over the rationals.

We study various measures of irrationality for hypersurfaces of large degree in projective space and other varieties. These include the least degree of a rational covering of projective space, and the minimal gonality of a covering family of curves. The theme is that positivity properties of canonical bundles lead to lower bounds on these invariants. In particular, we prove that if $X\subseteq \mathbf{P}^{n+1}$ is a very general smooth hypersurface of dimension $n$ and degree $d\geqslant 2n+1$, then any dominant rational mapping $f:X{\dashrightarrow}\mathbf{P}^{n}$ must have degree at least $d-1$. We also propose a number of open problems, and we show how our methods lead to simple new proofs of results of Ran and Beheshti–Eisenbud concerning varieties of multi-secant lines.

A famous conjecture of Hopf states that $\mathbb{S}^{2}\times \mathbb{S}^{2}$ does not admit a Riemannian metric with positive sectional curvature. In this article, we prove that no manifold product $N\times N$ can carry a metric of positive sectional curvature admitting a certain degree of torus symmetry.

In this article, for nilpotent orbits of ramified quasi-split unitary groups with two Jordan blocks, we give closed formulas for their Shalika germs at certain equi-valued elements with half-integral depth previously studied by Hales. Associated with these elements are hyperelliptic curves defined over the residue field, and the numbers we obtain can be expressed in terms of Frobenius eigenvalues on the first $\ell$-adic cohomology of the curves, generalizing previous result of Hales on stable subregular Shalika germs. These Shalika germ formulas imply new results on stability and endoscopic transfer of nilpotent orbital integrals of ramified unitary groups. We also describe how the same numbers appear in the local character expansions of specific supercuspidal representations and consequently dimensions of degenerate Whittaker models.

We prove the explicit version of the Buzzard–Diamond–Jarvis conjecture formulated by Dembele et al. (Serre weights and wild ramification in two-dimensional Galois representations, Preprint (2016), arXiv:1603.07708 [math.NT]). More precisely, we prove that it is equivalent to the original Buzzard–Diamond–Jarvis conjecture, which was proved for odd primes (under a mild Taylor–Wiles hypothesis) in earlier work of the third author and coauthors.

Smooth cubic hypersurfaces $X\subset \mathbb{P}^{5}$ (over $\mathbb{C}$) are linked to K3 surfaces via their Hodge structures, due to the work of Hassett, and via a subcategory ${\mathcal{A}}_{X}\subset \text{D}^{\text{b}}(X)$, due to the work of Kuznetsov. The relation between these two viewpoints has recently been elucidated by Addington and Thomas. In this paper, both aspects are studied further and extended to twisted K3 surfaces, which in particular allows us to determine the group of autoequivalences of ${\mathcal{A}}_{X}$ for the general cubic fourfold. Furthermore, we prove finiteness results for cubics with equivalent K3 categories and study periods of cubics in terms of generalized K3 surfaces.

We prove that the $p$-completed Brown–Peterson spectrum is a retract of a product of Morava $E$-theory spectra. As a consequence, we generalize results of Kashiwabara and of Ravenel, Wilson and Yagita from spaces to spectra and deduce that the notion of a good group is determined by Brown–Peterson cohomology. Furthermore, we show that rational factorizations of the Morava $E$-theory of certain finite groups hold integrally up to bounded torsion with height-independent exponent, thereby lifting these factorizations to the rationalized Brown–Peterson cohomology of such groups.

After the work of Kisin, there is a good theory of canonical integral models of Shimura varieties of Hodge type at primes of good reduction. The first part of this paper develops a theory of Hodge type Rapoport–Zink formal schemes, which uniformize certain formal completions of such integral models. In the second part, the general theory is applied to the special case of Shimura varieties associated with groups of spinor similitudes, and the reduced scheme underlying the Rapoport–Zink space is determined explicitly.