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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 26 May 2023
Answering a question by Chatterji–Druţu–Haglund, we prove that, for every locally compact group $G$, there exists a critical constant
$p_G \in [0,\infty ]$ such that
$G$ admits a continuous affine isometric action on an
$L_p$ space (
$0< p<\infty$) with unbounded orbits if and only if
$p \geq p_G$. A similar result holds for the existence of proper continuous affine isometric actions on
$L_p$ spaces. Using a representation of cohomology by harmonic cocycles, we also show that such unbounded orbits cannot occur when the linear part comes from a measure-preserving action, or more generally a state-preserving action on a von Neumann algebra and
$p>2$. We also prove the stability of this critical constant
$p_G$ under
$L_p$ measure equivalence, answering a question of Fisher.