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Ternary geopolymer with calcined halloysite: impact on mechanical properties and microstructure

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 December 2024

Ting Yu ,
Baifa Zhang ,
Jiarong Chen ,
Mohammad Fahimizadeh Open the ORCID record for Mohammad Fahimizadeh [Opens in a new window] ,
Thammaros Pantongsuk Open the ORCID record for Thammaros Pantongsuk [Opens in a new window] ,
Xiang Zhou  and
Peng Yuan Open the ORCID record for Peng Yuan [Opens in a new window]
Ting Yu
Affiliation:
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
Baifa Zhang
Affiliation:
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
Jiarong Chen
Affiliation:
CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
Mohammad Fahimizadeh
Affiliation:
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
Thammaros Pantongsuk
Affiliation:
CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
Xiang Zhou
Affiliation:
Jewelry Institute, Guangzhou Panyu Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China
Peng Yuan*
Affiliation:
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
*
Corresponding author: Peng Yuan; Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

As a natural clay mineral, halloysite (Hal) possesses a distinctive nanotubular morphology and surface reactivity. Hal calcined at 750°C (Hal750°C; 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 wt.%) was used to replace ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS; 50.0, 49.5, 49.0, 48.0, 47.0, 46.0 wt.%) and fly ash (FA; 50.0, 49.5, 49.0, 48.0, 47.0, 46.0 wt.%) for the preparation of geopolymer in this study. The effects of the replacement ratio of Hal750°C on setting time, compressive strength, flexural strength, chemical composition and microstructure of the geopolymer were investigated. The results indicated that Hal750°C did not significantly alter the setting time. The active SiO2 and Al2O3 generated from Hal750°C participated in the geopolymerization, forming additional geopolymer gel phases (calcium (aluminate) silica hydrate and sodium aluminosilicate hydrate), improving the 28 day compressive strength of the geopolymers. When the amount of Hal750°C was 2.0 wt.%, the 28 day compressive strength of the ternary (GGBFS-FA-Hal750°C-based) geopolymer was 72.9 MPa, 34.8% higher than that of the geopolymer without the addition of Hal750°C. The special nanotubular morphology of residual Hal750°C mainly acted like reinforcing fibres, supplementing the flexural strength of the geopolymer. However, excessive Hal750°C addition (>4.0 wt.%) reduced compressive and flexural strength values due to the low degrees of geopolymerization and the porous microstructure in the ternary geopolymer. These findings demonstrate that the appropriate addition of Hal750°C improved the compressive strength of geopolymers prepared using GGBFS/FA, which provides essential data for future research and supports the utilization of low-value Hal-containing clays in geopolymer preparation.

Keywords

Alkali activationfly ashground granulated blast furnace slagnanosized tubular halloysite
Type
Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 59 , Issue 4 , December 2024 , pp. 310 - 324
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Mineralogical Society of the United Kingdom and Ireland.

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