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Dissecting the relationships between the insect vector Empoasca paraparvipenis with Camptotheca acuminata witches’ broom phytoplasma

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 November 2024

Hong Cai ,
Menglan He ,
Yinfeng Cai ,
Kai Qiao ,
Weiyi Huang  and
Shahzad Munir Open the ORCID record for Shahzad Munir [Opens in a new window]
Hong Cai
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
Menglan He
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
Yinfeng Cai
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
Kai Qiao
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
Weiyi Huang
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
Shahzad Munir*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
*
Corresponding author: Shahzad Munir; Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Phytoplasmas are phloem-limited bacteria that are primarily transmitted by hemipteran insects and are emerging threats to Camptotheca acuminata Decne plants due to their associations with a witches’ broom disease. Despite numerous studies, there has been no report on insect transmission of phytoplasma among C. acuminata. Here, transmission characteristics of the leafhopper, Empoasca paraparvipenis Zhang and Liu, 2008 and the phytoplasma in plant leaves through PCR quantification are described. The interaction between C. acuminata-phytoplasma and insect vectors was examined by analysing the impact on the life characteristics and progeny population in a temperature-dependent manner. Phytoplasma-infected C. acuminata plant exhibited symptoms including shorter internodes, weak and clustered branches, shrunken and yellowed leaves, and red leaf margins. The acquisition and transmission time of bacterial-infected third-instar nymphs of insect vectors were 10 (11.11%) and 30 min (33.33%), respectively. A single insect vector can infect a plant after 72 h of feeding, and the incidence rate of disease increases with the number of insects following 11–100% from single to 20 insects. The development time of the infected insect vectors (1–3 instars) was significantly shorter than that of the healthy insects, and the development duration of instar individuals was longer. In progeny populations, the higher the phytoplasma concentration (88–0% for 1–5 instars nymph, female and male adults), the shorter the development time and the longer the adult lifetime (both male and female). These findings provided research evidence of phytoplasma transmission by insect vectors; however, further investigation of the mechanisms for prevention and management of phytoplasma diseases is needed.

Keywords

Camptotheca acuminatadiseaseemergingtransmissionvector
Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 114 , Issue 6 , December 2024 , pp. 812 - 819
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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