Chapter 18 considers how, in general, Russian law does not provide a definition of digital (or electronic) evidence or any particular rules in that respect. However, various laws in the spheres of telecommunications, information technologies and personal data list specific categories of natural and legal persons, empowered to work with data in a digital form, including content data. Russian legal provisions are not always precise, and an important role in their interpretation belongs to both courts and executive bodies (e.g. the Roskomnadzor). Information dissemination managers and many other categories of personal data processors are obliged to use Russian information systems or databases to store data and cooperate with LEAs that are involved in criminal investigation and operative-search activities. Threats to data subjects’ rights especially increase during the latter, because it is almost impossible to find out that certain pieces of data have been transferred to LEAs. Other problems are grounded in the 24-hour access of specific bodies to certain information systems and the low efficiency of judicial orders as a mechanism of human rights protection.