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Chapter 5 - Energy and Security

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 September 2012

Global Energy Assessment Writing Team
By
Aleh Cherp ,
Adeola Adenikinju ,
Andreas Goldthau ,
Francisco Hernandez ,
Larry Hughes ,
Jaap Jansen ,
Jessica Jewell ,
Marina Olshanskaya ,
Ricardo Soares de Oliveira  and
Benjamin Sovacool
...Show all authors
Aleh Cherp
Affiliation:
Central European University
Adeola Adenikinju
Affiliation:
University of Ibadan
Andreas Goldthau
Affiliation:
Central European University
Francisco Hernandez
Affiliation:
Lund University
Larry Hughes
Affiliation:
Dalhousie University
Jaap Jansen
Affiliation:
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands
Jessica Jewell
Affiliation:
Central European University
Marina Olshanskaya
Affiliation:
United Nations Development Programme
Ricardo Soares de Oliveira
Affiliation:
Oxford University
Benjamin Sovacool
Affiliation:
National University of Singapore
Sergey Vakulenko
Affiliation:
Cambridge Energy Research Associates
Morgan Bazilian
Affiliation:
United Nations Industrial Development Organization
David J. Fisk
Affiliation:
Imperial College London
Saptarshi Pal
Affiliation:
Central European University
Ogunlade Davidson
Affiliation:
Ministry of Energy and Water Resources
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Summary

Executive Summary

Uninterrupted provision of vital energy services (see Chapter 1, Section 1.2.2) – energy security – is a high priority of every nation. Energy security concerns are a key driving force of energy policy. These concerns relate to the robustness (sufficiency of resources, reliability of infrastructure, and stable and affordable prices); sovereignty (protection from potential threats from external agents); and resilience (the ability to withstand diverse disruptions) of energy systems. Our analysis of energy security issues in over 130 countries shows that the absolute majority of them are vulnerable from at least one of these three perspectives. For most industrial countries, energy insecurity means import dependency and aging infrastructure, while many emerging economies have additional vulnerabilities such as insufficient capacity, high energy intensity, and rapid demand growth. In many low-income countries, multiple vulnerabilities overlap, making them especially insecure.

Oil and its products lack easily available substitutes in the transport sector, where they provide at least 90% of energy in almost all countries. Furthermore, the global demand for transport fuels is steadily rising, especially rapidly in Asian emerging economies. Disruptions of oil supplies may thus result in catastrophic effects on such vital functions of modern states as food production, medical care, and internal security. At the same time, the global production capacity of conventional oil is widely perceived as limited. These factors result in rising and volatile prices of oil affecting all economies, especially low-income countries, almost all of which import over 80% of their oil supplies.

Type
Chapter
Information
Global Energy Assessment
Toward a Sustainable Future
 , pp. 325 - 384
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2012

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