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Chapter 13 - Carbon Capture and Storage

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 September 2012

Global Energy Assessment Writing Team
By
Sally M. Benson ,
Kamel Bennaceur ,
Peter Cook ,
John Davison ,
Heleen de Coninck ,
Karim Farhat ,
Andrea Ramirez ,
Dale Simbeck ,
Terry Surles  and
Preeti Verma
...Show all authors
Sally M. Benson
Affiliation:
Stanford University
Kamel Bennaceur
Affiliation:
Schlumberger
Peter Cook
Affiliation:
Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies
John Davison
Affiliation:
IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme
Heleen de Coninck
Affiliation:
Energy research Centre of the Netherlands
Karim Farhat
Affiliation:
Stanford University
Andrea Ramirez
Affiliation:
Utrecht University
Dale Simbeck
Affiliation:
SFA Pacific
Terry Surles
Affiliation:
Desert Research Institute
Preeti Verma
Affiliation:
The Climate Group
John Ahearne
Affiliation:
Sigma Xi
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Summary

Executive Summary

Emissions of carbon dioxide, the most important long-lived anthropogenic greenhouse gas, can be reduced by Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). CCS involves the integration of four elements: CO2 capture, compression of the CO2 from a gas to a liquid or a denser gas, transportation of pressurized CO2 from the point of capture to the storage location, and isolation from the atmosphere by storage in deep underground rock formations. Considering full life-cycle emissions, CCS technology can reduce 65–85% of CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion from stationary sources, although greater reductions may be possible if low emission technologies are applied to activities beyond the plant boundary, such as fuel transportation.

CCS is applicable to many stationary CO2 sources, including the power generation, refining, building materials, and the industrial sector. The recent emphasis on the use of CCS primarily to reduce emissions from coal-fired electricity production is too narrow a vision for CCS.

Interest in CCS is growing rapidly around the world. Over the past decade there has been a remarkable increase in interest and investment in CCS. Whereas a decade ago, there was only one operating CCS project and little industry or government investment in R&D, and no financial incentives to promote CCS. In 2010, numerous projects of various sizes are active, including at least five large-scale full CCS projects. In 2015, it is expected that 15 large-scale, full-chain CCS projects will be running. Governments and industry have committed over USD 26 billion for R&D, scale-up and deployment.

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Global Energy Assessment
Toward a Sustainable Future
 , pp. 993 - 1068
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2012

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