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2 results

  • 6 - Close Variety Convergence and Change

  • Robert McColl Millar, University of Aberdeen
  • Book:
    Linguistic Contact and Language Change
    Published online:
    22 December 2024
    Print publication:
    05 December 2024, pp 146-166

  • Summary

    The central idea of this chapter is koineisation, the process by which discrete varieties tend to form into a new compromise variety when speakers of these varieties find themelves living side by side. Dialect levelling and new dialect formation are central forces in the process. The case study considers what happens when closely related but discrete language varieties come together in new circumstances. Primary focus is given to contact between Scandinavian varieties and Low German in the late medieval and early modern periods and between Old English and Viking Norse in northern England in the early medieval period.

  • 9 - Contact and Diffusion

  • Enam Al-Wer, University of Essex, Uri Horesh, Bruno Herin, Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales, Paris, Rudolf De Jong, Universiteit Leiden
  • Book:
    Arabic Sociolinguistics
    Published online:
    01 July 2022
    Print publication:
    07 July 2022, pp 189-213

  • Summary

    The chapter discusses contact-induced phenomena, the models used in linguistics to represent processes of diffusion, and the principles that govern them. It explains several cases of diffusion across language barriers, borrowing and substrate effects, dialect contact, and new-dialect formation.