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Faith and Culture

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 March 2025

Kenneth R. Ross
Affiliation:
Zomba Theological College, Malawi
Grace Ji-Sun Kim
Affiliation:
Earlham School of Religion, Indiana
Todd M. Johnson
Affiliation:
Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, Massachusetts
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Summary

Most Eurocentric religious thinkers would argue that action flows from beliefs, from convictions, from faith. Once universal Truth (with a capital ‘T’) is determined by Eurocentric faith thinkers, a way of being is created, specifically in the form of a culture based on said truth being accepted. Euro-Christianity, by its very nature, has argued for a universal normativity achievable and applicable regardless of place, time, context or people group. Eurocentric culture is thus treated as the apex of civilisation precisely because it is based on Christian universal truth and virtues. Faith forged by Euro-Christian clergy, scholars and missionaries becomes the objective and universal way of being, a paragon for all of humanity regardless of their Indigenous worldviews. When accepted by those who fall short of whiteness, this truth, Euro-Christians argue, will bring forth the common good.

Once a people reach this peak of enlightenment, they have a responsibility, a calling, a mission to civilise and Christianise those stuck at a lower cultural evolutionary stage. We know they are less-than because of their ignorance, inability or stubbornness in embracing Eurocentric faith and culture. While racists of old defined all on the margins of Eurocentrism as biologically inferior (think of eugenics), today's racists expound the equality of all humans while nonetheless lamenting how many still fall short because of their cultural inferiority, which prevents them from grasping Eurocentric truth. If faith establishes culture, then converting others to superior Eurocentric thoughts and beliefs has the potential to lift them from underdevelopment, if not from primitivism. But what if Christian faith is more than laying the foundation by which Eurocentric culture functions? What if, now, Euro-Christianity becomes the means by which the colonial tendencies of Eurocentric culture are justified?

Towards the end of the nineteenth century, sociologist Emile Durkheim, in his 1893 classic Division of Labor in Society, argued that the beliefs and religious sentiments held in common by a community's inhabitants become the moral norms codified in shaping customs, traditions and laws. This primary function of culture becomes the protection, reaffirmation and perpetuation of faith, or what Durkheim called the ‘collective or common conscience’.

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Publisher: Edinburgh University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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